MARC details
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11026namaa22004211i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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OSt |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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20250223033221.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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231224s2023 ua a|||f |m|| 000 0 eng d |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
EG-GICUC |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
EG-GICUC |
| Modifying agency |
EG-GICUC |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 041 0# - LANGUAGE CODE |
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| Language code of text/sound track or separate title |
eng |
| Language code of summary or abstract |
eng |
| -- |
ara |
| 049 ## - LOCAL HOLDINGS (OCLC) |
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| Holding library |
Deposit |
| 082 04 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
615.5384 |
| Edition number |
21 |
| 092 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED DEWEY CALL NUMBER (OCLC) |
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| Classification number |
615.5384 |
| Edition number |
21 |
| 097 ## - Thesis Degree |
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| Thesis Level |
M.Sc |
| 099 ## - LOCAL FREE-TEXT CALL NUMBER (OCLC) |
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| Classification number |
Cai01.12.11.M.Sc.2023.Ab.D |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Abdel-Moniem Hassan Mabrouk Abu-Ghazala, |
| Relator term |
preparation. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Design of Nanoparticle-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Enhanced Biodiesel Production / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
by Abdel-Moniem Hassan Mabrouk Abu-Ghazala; under supervision of Prof. Dr. Amina Ali Mazhar, Dr. Hosam Hasan Abdelhady. |
| 246 15 - VARYING FORM OF TITLE |
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| Title proper/short title |
تصميم عوامل حفازة غير متجانسة ذات بينية نانوميترية للانتاج المحسن للوقود الديزل الحيوي |
| 264 #0 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2023. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
242 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| Dimensions |
25 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
CD. |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Content type term |
text |
| Source |
rdacontent |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Media type term |
Unmediated |
| Source |
rdamedia |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Carrier type term |
volume |
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (M.Sc.)-Cairo University, 2023. |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography: pages 228-237. . |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
The world has been exposed to an influential energy supply crisis due to several reasons including, but not limited to, increasing population, growing activities as well as political conflicts. Thus, a shortage of energy resources predominates especially non-renewable fossil fuels, which are amounting approximately to 80% of the world's energy consumption. Far beyond the complications of energy crises, biodiesel (as a renewable energy source) offers immense solutions to the related issues of depleting reserves and detrimental emissions with fossil-based fuels. Biodiesel is a promising biofuel alternative to exhaustible fossil-fuels-based diesel due to its diversified merits such as biodegradability, low toxicity, good combustion characteristics, high lubricity, and minimal sulfur content. However, biodiesel production from current practices through the transesterification process using homogeneous (acids or bases) catalysts has some demerits summarized in the difficulties of separation and purification process of produced biodiesel that is reflected on the rise of the total process cost. Nowadays, the development of efficient low-cost solid catalysts for the conversion of triglycerides into biodiesel is an issue of prime importance.<br/>This research was conceived with a target to propose heterogeneous catalysts derived from industrial wastes for the efficient biodiesel production. This target has been achieved by two approaches; the first introduces waste-derived solid-state catalysts in transesterification reactions, while the second one minimizes the energy consumption (i.e., reaction temperature) in biodiesel production through a transesterification reaction. <br/>The objectives of this thesis are implemented in three phases and the relevant findings are: <br/> <br/>I- In the first part, white brick waste powder (WBWP) is utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production through the transesterification process of waste cooking oil (WCO) and methanol. Physico-chemical characterization of the processed waste has been carried out using various techniques including TGA, XRD, FT-IR, BET-surface area, FE-SEM & mapping EDX, XRF, and CO2-TPD. The influence of calcination temperature on the catalytic activity of WBWP is studied. The optimization process of variable independent parameters i.e., catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and time as well as alcohol:WCO molar ratio is performed via response surface methodology (RSM) through central composite design (CCD). Optimum conditions (biodiesel conversion ~93%) are: catalyst loading 1.3%; temperature 64°C; alcohol:WCO molar ratio 5.5:1; and reaction time 139 min. Kinetic parameters, i.e., rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea= 25.95 kJ/mol), and thermodynamic parameters, i.e., ΔS# and ΔH# of -202.36 J/mol and +23.27 kJ/mol, respectively, are estimated. The reusability of the prepared catalyst is performed up to six consecutive cycles with marginal loss in activity. Physico-chemical properties of the thus prepared biodiesel are comparable with the ASTM D-6751 and EN-14214 standard range.<br/>II- In the second part, aluminum kitchen scrap (AKS) is used as a precursor of alumina for the synthesis of CaO/Al2O3 nano-catalyst via the wet-impregnation method for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) via the transesterification reaction. Physico-chemical characterization of the as-prepared CaO/Al2O3 nano-catalyst is probed via TGA, XRD, XPS, BET-surface area, FE-SEM ̶ mapping EDX, TEM, and AFM. The influence of calcination on the catalyst activity toward biodiesel conversion has been investigated as well as the percent of CaO to Al2O3. Optimization of the transesterification parameters (i.e., catalyst loading, reaction temperature and time, and M:O molar ratio) is achieved. The optimal conditions for biodiesel production (≈ 95% conversion) are catalyst loading of 3 wt.% operating at a low temperature of 45 °C for 180 min with M:O molar ratio of 7:1 which are superior to similar repeated catalysts. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are also calculated with values of activation energy (Ea), change of activation enthalpy (∆H#), and change of activation entropy (∆S#) of 39 kJ mol-1, +36.38 kJ mol-1, and ̶ 161.75 J mol-1, respectively. The catalyst retains its catalytic activity for five consecutive transesterification cycles. Physico-chemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel are congruent with the ASTM D ̶ 6751 and EN ̶ 14214 standards.<br/>III- In the third part, K2CO3/Al2O3 is utilized as a heterogenous nano-catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) through a transesterification reaction prepared via the wet-impregnation method. Physico-chemical characterization of the as-prepared K2CO3/Al2O3 nano-catalyst is investigated via XRD, XPS, BET-surface area, FE-SEM ̶ mapping EDX, and HR-TEM. The optimization process of variable three parameters i.e., catalyst loading, reaction time as well as M:O molar ratio is performed via response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Benchen Design (BBD). Optimum conditions (biodiesel conversion ~97.5%) are: catalyst loading 5.8%; M:O molar ratio 9:1; and reaction time 120 min at 25 ℃. <br/><br/> |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
لقد تعرض العالم لأزمة إمدادات الطاقة المؤثرة لأسباب عديدة بما في ذلك، على سبيل المثال لا<br/>الحصر، زيادة عدد السكان، وتزايد الأنشطة وكذلك الصراعات السياسية. وبالتالي، فإن النقص في موارد<br/>الطاقة وبشكل خاص الوقود الأحفوري السائد والغير متجدد، والذي يمثل ما يقرب من 80 ٪ من الاستهلاك<br/>العالمي للطاقة. بعيدًا عن تعقيدات أزمات الطاقة، فإن وقود الديزل الحيوي )كمصدر للطاقة المتجددة( يقدم<br/>حلولًا متعددة للقضايا ذات الصلة المتمثلة في استنفاد الاحتياطيات والانبعاثات الضارة باستخدام الوقود<br/>الأحفوري. كما يعتبر وقود الديزل الحيوي بديلاً واعدًا للوقود الأحفوري المستنفد نظرًا لمزاياه المتنوعة<br/>مثل قابلية التحلل البيولوجي، وانخفاض السمية، وخصائص الاحتراق الجيدة، والتشحيم العالي، والحد<br/>الأدنى من محتوى الكبريت. ومع ذلك، فإن إنتاج وقود الديزل الحيوي من خلال عملية الاسترة التبادلية<br/>باستخدام محفزات متجانسة )أحماض أو قواعد( له بعض العيوب التي تم تلخيصها في عملية فصل وتنقية<br/>وقود الديزل الحيوي المنتج، الذي يؤدي إلى ارتفاع التكلفة الكلية لعملية انتاج وقود الديزل الحيوي. في<br/>الوقت الحاضر، يعد تطوير محفزات صلبة منخفضة التكلفة فعالة لتحويل الدهون الثلاثية إلى وقود حيوي<br/>مسألة ذات أهمية قصوى .<br/>تم تصميم هذا البحث بهدف تحضير المحفزات غير المتجانسة صلبة مشتقة من النفايات الصناعية<br/>لإنتاج وقود الديزل الحيوي وقد تم تحقيق ذلك بالفعل من خلال نهجين؛ الهدف الأول هو استخدام محفزات<br/>صلبة مشتقة من النفايات في تفاعلات الأسترة التبادلية، والثاني يقلل من استهلاك الطاقة )أي درجة حرارة<br/>التفاعل( في إنتاج وقود الديزل الحيوي من خلال تفاعل الأسترة التبادلية.<br/>تم تنفيذ أهداف هذه الرسالة على ثلاث مراحل وكانت النتائج كالتالي:<br/>تم استخدام مسحوق نفايات الطوب الأبيض كمحفز غير متجانس صلب لإنتاج وقود الديزل الحيوي من -I<br/>خلال عملية الأسترة التبادلية لنفايات بقايا زيت الطهي والميثانول. وقد تم إجراء التوصيف الفيزيائي<br/>والكيميائي لنفايات زيت للطهي باستخدام تقنيات مختلفة مثل التحليل الوزني الحراري وحيود الأشعة السينية<br/>ومساحة السطح بطريقة برونور وإيميت وتيلر والمجهر الإلكتروني الماسح و تحليل الأشعة السينية المشتتة<br/>للطاقة و الأشعة السينية الفلور سينية و امتصاص الحرارة المبرمج ثاني أكسيد الكربون. تمت دراسة تأثير<br/>درجة حرارة التكليس على النشاط الحفزي. وقد تمت دراسة عملية موائمة العوامل المستقلة المتغيرة، مثل<br/>كمية المحفز ودرجة حرارة وزمن التفاعل وكذلك نسبة الكحول:للزيت المستخدم عبر منهجية سطح الاستجابة<br/>من خلال التصميم المركب المركزي |
| 530 ## - ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL FORM AVAILABLE NOTE |
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| Additional physical form available note |
Issues also as CD. |
| 546 ## - LANGUAGE NOTE |
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| Language note |
Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Biodiesel fuels |
| 653 #0 - INDEX TERM--UNCONTROLLED |
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| Uncontrolled term |
Biofuel |
| -- |
Waste to Fuel approach |
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CCD |
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Transesterification |
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Techno-economic analysis |
| 700 0# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Amina Ali Mazhar |
| Relator term |
thesis advisor. |
| 700 0# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Hosam Hasan Abdelhady |
| Relator term |
thesis advisor. |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://172.23.153.220/th.pdf">http://172.23.153.220/th.pdf</a> |
| 900 ## - EQUIVALENCE OR CROSS-REFERENCE-PERSONAL NAME [LOCAL, CANADA] |
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| Numeration |
01-01-2023 |
| Titles and other words associated with a name |
Amina Ali Mazhar |
| -- |
Hosam Hasan Abdelhady |
| Dates associated with a name |
Omar Ashraf |
| -- |
Mohamed Eissa |
| -- |
Ibrahim Baibars |
| Universities |
Cairo University |
| Faculties |
Faculty of Science |
| Divisons |
Department of Physical Chemistry |
| 905 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT E, LDE (RLIN) |
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| Cataloger |
Huda |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |
| Edition |
21 |
| Suppress in OPAC |
No |
