اطروحة (دكتوراة) - جامعة القاهرة - معهد الدراسات و البحوث الاحصائية - قسم الاحصاء الحيوى و السكانى

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات 214-246.

ركزت الدراسة بصورة مباشرة على قياس الاثر التنموى المحقق للمستفيدين من التعليم الجامعى فى ظل تطبيق ادارة الجودة الشاملة من واقع دراسة حالة جامعة قطر كنموذج لاحدى الجامعات العربية التى خطت خطوات متقدمة فى تبنى نظم الجودة والاعتماد وفى ظل اعتبار ان تطبيق نظم ادارة الجودة الشاملة بالتعليم الجامعى لة علاقة وثيقة بتنمية كافة الاطراف المستفيدة واهمية محورية لتحقيق نهضة تنموية شاملة تساهم فى تقدم المجتمع

It is recognized that the future of development population community is related to the quality of the educational universities and its outputs, as a major input to achieving progress through raising the human development rates for all beneficiaries. The quality of the university education is considered an investment in human development capacities as a social and economic activity that is aimed at satisfying individual and community needs, within the scientific developments, innovations of education technology, population increase and increased demand on the university education.

For these reasons, the current study is focused directly on measuring the development impact achieved for all beneficiaries of higher education in the light of the application of total quality management. The study takes as a model the University of Qatar as an example an Arab University, which has made great strides in adopting the quality and accreditation systems. The application of total quality management systems in the university education is deemed closely related to the development of all stakeholders and is highly important in attaining a comprehensive development breakthrough in community progress in order to reach new indicators to be considered by planners of higher education policy development and officials responsible for the application of total quality management systems at Arabic Universities to enhance the development return for all stakeholders.

Aims of the study:
1- Presenting University of Qatar experience on adopting the quality management systems, as an alternative image or scenario suggested for the development of higher education policies.
2- Making estimation for numbers of undergraduates and the faculty members up to 2010, as a major input as well as graduates, as a major output of the University of Qatar to draw a future picture of demand on and attraction to the university education in order to point out the importance of quality management and accreditation systems.
3- Suggesting Criteria and indicators to measure the quality of higher education and the impact of applying total quality management systems to the University of Qatar on realizing human development for all internal and external customers/stakeholders in order to identify the impact for each customer category separately.
4- Evaluating the overall development impact for customers/stakeholders resulting from the application of quality management systems to the University of Qatar in the light of suggesting an index to measure the level of overall development of all the university education customers/stakeholders, which can be used by any other university institution with the same academic features.
The current study derives its importance from increasing public awareness of the application of total quality management systems and evaluation and academic accreditation systems in university education to achieve high quality development targets, given the university's relation to the community from a social demographic perspective as well as contributing to the development of university performance in general. The study suggests indicators with priorities which may help implementers and planners of educational and development programs in providing effective and sustainable programs and policies to improve the quality of educational services, appropriate to the future generations' needs and widen their choices to achieve human development, which is the focal point of the current study.
The study consists of seven chapters as follows:
- Chapter (1): Theoretical and curricular framework of the study.
- Chapter (2): Previous studies and the suggested relational framework.
- Chapter (3): Total Quality management System in the light of human development and its relationships.
- Chapter (4):Components of higher education in Qatar and its trends
- Chapter (5): Evaluating the expected development impact of applying TQM to the University of Qatar.
- Chapter (6): An index for measuring the Level of development in the university Education.
- Chapter (7): Conclusions and Recommendations.
The study includes a list of references, Bibliography and then appendixes. A CD was also enclosed with the study including ten files showing tools of measurement as represented by the questionnaires employed in the survey study for each category of the university education customers (stakeholders) as well as points of interest. The CD also included sheets used in Focus Groups Discussion.

To realize the aims of the study, appropriate statistical methods were used such as general trend equation to calculate estimated numbers of some stakeholders up to 2015, and the path analysis method to test the relational framework of the study and point out major direct and indirect factors affecting customers’ level of development capacities. It used logistic regression model to evaluate the development impact achieved, the factor analysis for setting a new suggested indicator to test the higher education customers’ level of development. Canonical correlation analysis was used to introduce new indicators to decision makers related to the development support of the educational process within the university and for external customers. Focus group discussions were used as one of the qualitative research methods by involving all beneficiaries within the university structure to recognize views on evaluating the development impact of applying the total quality management at the University of Qatar.
The study also used random sampling survey method representing all categories of the University community in the University of Qatar. Respondents to questionnaires were 1,000 persons distributed as follows: (270 undergraduates, 130 faculty members, 150 staff and 450 graduates). The sampling survey was also used for employment and working bodies in the state of Qatar which included 150 units.

Conclusions of the Study:
 The importance of developing the strategies of higher education which comprises both human development and quality as two essential inputs to realize the needs of parties which benefit from university education. The two inputs are indicators to the distinguished performance of the institution.
 Remarkable progress of the population and development conditions in the State of Qatar was influential in encouraging the University of Qatar to act to ensure the higher education quality both internally and externally, especially given the wide scope and impacts of globalization, in so far as the advanced rank occupied by Qatar on the UNDP Human Development Index, amounting to 0.923 in 2007. Qatar was ranked the 49th on average in the index in the period from 1991-2006. The national income per capital amounted to USD 47753 on average compared to the average international income.
 Future estimates of the expected numbers of undergraduates, faculty members and graduates of the University of Qatar in the period from 2006 to 2015, indicate a continuous increase in demand on higher education in Qatar, entailing the university to continue applying and developing total quality management systems to realize a distinguished educational performance that can attract more customers and gain their confidence.
 The demographic and development conditions in the State of Qatar have an impact on easy application of total quality management systems and criteria and the acceptance of the quality culture and criteria by all beneficiaries. Therefore, the application of the quality systems to Egyptian universities and their institutions will be faced by many obstacles related to demographic and development problems in the country.
 The supportive role of the senior management in the University of Qatar had a positive impact on the development capacities level of all the university customers, particularly those related to faculties which obtained the academic accreditation.
 The high quality of the academic programs offered at University of Qatar had a positive impact on the development capacities level of all the university customers except for the administrative staff.
 The high quality of academic programs of the university is considered an interactive tool that affects the quality of an interchangeable, three-dimensional relationship represented by the performance of undergraduates, faculty members and labour market. The high quality of each one influences the high quality of the other.
 There is a relation between the impact of increased level of development capacities achieved for the faculty members and undergraduates each separately, and the presence of a high level of capacities and skills at the other party within application of quality systems.
 The canonical correlation analysis indicated the importance of the development aspect represented by increased keenness by undergraduates of University of Qatar to participate in various activities, committees, and events as it is strongly related to some development aspects represented by the indicator of increased dependence on the use of computer technology, information technology and foreign references in performance, and the indicator of professional responsibility on the part of the faculty members concerning the indicators of the development support to the educational process in the University of Qatar. The coefficient of first canonical correlation was 0.797 between the two groups of variables, which is significant.
 Some demographic factors such as gender, nationality and age had an impact on the level of development capacities achieved for beneficiaries, within application of quality systems in the University of Qatar.
 The quality indicator of graduates of the University of Qatar in the area of specialty, given the application of quality systems, had an impact on improving the level of satisfying the needs of employment and working bodies whether or not related to faculties which obtained the academic accreditation.
 The total development index of the university education customers of the University of Qatar, which was suggested as a result of applying total quality management systems, realized an average level of 0.627 with values between (0.5) and (0.7), according to the levels used in evaluating the United Nations Human Development Index.

Recommendations:
 Action to founding a supreme Arab institution of quality assurance and academic accreditation that is concerned with Arab institutions and universities and supervised by the League of Arab States, as a step towards reinforcing our Arab culture and identity.
 Establishing permanently effective communication networks between universities and all beneficiaries of the university education services before, during and after services to realize the feedback system.
 Conducting further successive studies and impact assessment studies to find out the development impacts resulting from the application of different quality management systems to higher education in Arab countries through future successive periods.
 It is important to add a new development indicator or index on the levels of development of stakeholders of the higher education system in all the university institutions all over the world. Universities can be rated according to this indicator, which can be added to the criteria of the Human Development Index used.
 The state should reinforce the infrastructure of different higher education institutions including financial resources and human efficiencies in order to enhance self-capacities of educational institutions, given independence of universities through bodies concerned with improving higher education and quality assurance.
 It is important to set standard national criteria for the quality of higher education to be applied to all universities in the country. Bodies interested in developing education and employment institutions should participate in setting these criteria.
 Establishing a demographic development institution in the country called “Demographic Development Institution for Higher Education” to be affiliated to the Ministry of Higher Education, to record continually the development and demographic conditions of the State.

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النص بالعربية والملخص باللغة الإنجليزية والعربية.