أثر تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة (TQM) علي تحسين أداء المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة : دراسة تطبيقية بجهاز تنمية المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة / إعداد سمر سعيد عبدالله عبدالسميع ؛ إشراف السيد أحمد الشربيني، صالح أحمد المفتي.

أطروحة (دكتواره)-جامعة القاهرة، 2022.

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات 105-109.

تعتبر المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في الوقت الحاضر واحدة من أقوى أدوات التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، حيث يتزايد الاهتمام بنشر وتنمية المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في النسيج الاقتصادي المعاصر بالدول المتقدمة والنامية وذلك من أجل خلق المزيد من فرص العمل وزيادة الإنتاج وتحسين جودته. وعلى الجانب الأخر فقد حظيت إدارة الجودة الشاملة بجانب كبير من الاهتمام باعتبارها إحدى الركائز الاساسية لمسايرة المتغيرات الهائلة على كافة الأصعدة الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعية والتربوية والتكنولوجية خاصة، ومحاولة التكيف معها. حيث أنها أسلوب للحياة تتعهد فيه إدارة المشروع بتحقيق رضاء المستهلك من خلال التحسين المستمر للسلع والخدمات المقدمة له لضمان حصول الشركات على الحصة السوقية المناسبة، وزيادة الأرباح وتقليص التكاليف. لذا فإنه تتعلق هذه الدراسة بأحد المواضيع الهامة والتي تحظى بأهمية كبيرة في عالمنا اليوم حيث تشكل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة حجر الزاوية ونقطة الانطلاق في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية للعديد من الدول المتقدمة، ونظراً للاهتمام الكبير الذي تلقاه المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في كافة أنحاء العالم ولما أثبتته من نجاح في جميع ميادين الحياة، لذا يجب الاهتمام بها، والاهتمام بتطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة (TQM)، إذ يعد تطبيقها بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة عملية مهمة لنجاح واستمرار هذه المشاريع.

Nowadays, Small and medium enterprises are considered as one of the most powerful tools of economic and social development. As there is an increasing interest in spreading and developing small and medium enterprises in the contemporary economic fabric in most of developed and developing countries in order to create more job opportunities and to increase production and improve its quality.
And on the other side, Total quality management also received a great deal of attention as one of the main pillars to keep up with the enormous changes at all economic, political, social, educational and technological levels in particular, and trying to adapt with them. As it is considered as a way of life in which the project management undertakes to achieve consumer satisfaction through continuous improvement of the goods and services provided to it to ensure that companies obtain the appropriate market share, and to increase profit and reduce costs.
Therefore, this study relates to one of the most important topics that is of great importance in our world today, where small and medium enterprises are the cornerstone and the starting point in the economic development process for many developed countries. And according to the great interest received by small and medium enterprises all over the world and their proven success in all fields of life. So more attention should be paid to the application of total quality management (TQM), as the application of it to small and medium enterprises is considered an important process for the success and continuity of these projects.
So in order to achieve efficiency in production, successfully compete, and also to obtain larger market share in a rapidly developing business environment. Therefore, most countries have tended to adopt the philosophy of total quality management (TQM) and to ensure its application as an integrated approach in order to take advantage of its many advantages, therefore the purpose of this study was the applicability of applying total quality management in small and medium enterprises.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the application of total quality management (TQM) on improving the performance of small and medium enterprises (an applied study of the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency). And to achieve this, a comparison process (benchmarking) was conducted at the level of the field study for each of the total quality management and its dimensions. The four and the performance of small and medium projects for the owners of projects that apply to quality and those who do not apply to quality.
And the comparison was done by building a questionnaire, measuring its validity and its distribution through a survey study of (60) and measuring its stability, then conducting a field study and evaluating the study variables, conducting the evaluation and comparison process between them and testing the main and subsidiary hypotheses of the study.
And in order to determine the statistical methods used in this study, (12) Normality Tests were conducted on each of the independent variable (total quality management) and its four dimensions (the commitment of senior management to quality, focus on customers, continuous improvement, operational procedures) and the dependent variable (The performance of small and medium enterprises) for owners of small and medium enterprises who apply to quality and those who do not apply to quality, which proves that all the independent study variables and its four dimensions do not follow a normal distribution, and then the researcher uses non-parametric tests instead of parametric tests.
Then the data collected from the owners of small and medium enterprises were entered through the survey lists, which numbered (190), including (110) owners of projects that are not applied to quality, and (80) owners of projects that are applied to quality. Then entered these data into the computer using the Statistical Program (MINITAB 18) to analyze these data, tests the main and secondary hypotheses of the study, and draws the following conclusions:
1) The results of the evaluation of the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises for the two variables of the study proved the existence of significant differences between the perceived values of them (total quality management) and its four dimensions, and the level of performance of small and medium enterprises in favor of the owners of projects that are applied to quality, as they exceeds the owners of projects that are not applied to them.
2) The results of the test of the first main hypothesis and its four sub-hypotheses proved the incorrectness of each of the first main hypothesis and its four sub-hypotheses, which confirms the existence of a significant relationship between total quality management for project owners applied to quality and the performance of those projects.
3) The results of the tests for the second main hypothesis proved its incorrectness through the following:
• There are no significant differences between the owners of quality-applied projects in their perception of the independent variable (total quality management) according to gender (males, females) and this means the validity of the second main hypothesis according to the demographic factor (gender).
• There are significant differences between the owners of projects that apply quality in their perception of the independent variable (total quality management) according to age and that the owners of projects who are (45 years and above) has the most perceived values of the independent variable (total quality management),while the owners of projects who are (less than 30 years old) ) has the least perceived values of the independent variable, and this means that the second main hypothesis is incorrect according to the demographic factor (age).
• There are significant differences between the owners of projects applying quality in their perception of the independent variable (total quality management) according to the scientific qualification and that the owners of projects with scientific qualifications (postgraduate studies) are the most aware of the independent variable (total quality management), while the owners of projects with scientific qualifications (intermediate education) are the least aware of the independent variable.” This means that the second main hypothesis is incorrect according to the demographic factor (scientific qualification).
• There is a significant difference between the owners of projects applying quality in their perception of the independent variable (total quality management) according to the years of experience and that the owners of projects with years of experience (15 years and more) has the most perceived values of the independent variable (total quality management), while the owners of projects with years of experience (less 10 years old) has the least perceived values of the independent variable. This means that the second main hypothesis is incorrect according to the demographic factor (years of experience).
In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommends the owners of small and medium enterprises (not applied for quality) as follows:
1) The necessity for owners of small and medium-sized enterprises that do not apply quality to the application of total quality management because of its positive results on improving performance on the one hand and ensuring customer loyalty on the other hand.
2) The importance of conducting a feasibility study for each new method that is applied and making a comparison between the costs resulting from this application and the benefits that accrues to the owners of small and medium enterprises as a result of that.
3) The importance of the owners of small and medium enterprises consulting other organizations that have applied the modern methods to be applied in order to benefit from the experience of these organizations and to identify strengths and weaknesses in order to strengthen the first and avoid the second.

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