Thesis (M.Sc.)-Cairo University,2022.

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Quantum Cryptography (QC) is relay on quantum mechanics basicslike Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and No-cloning theory. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is the basic application that belongs to quantum cryptography QC. The main reason that gives QKD an important role in the modern communication systems as it gives an immediately alarm to the legitimate communicated users for any eavesdropping or hacking trywhich is considered an important security parameter that used to judge the quality of the communication systems. For this reason, QKD supports unconditional secure communication waywhich producing a strong ciphering and encryption algorithms. The emerging between QKD and classical communication results in a new schemementioned as semi quantum key distribution SQKD. Unfortunately, SQKD raises the degree of the encryption scheme complexity. Thiswork introduces an enhanced image encryption algorithm which is basically relayed on QKD. This enhanced algorithm avoids most of the disadvantages of SQKD. The proposed algorithm is simpler than other encryption schemes. Itonly uses one encryption step based on using QKD. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by numerical simulations.