Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2024.

Bibliography: pages 118-129.

Five Egyptian cotton genotypes (Australian, BBB, G97, G92
and G96) were used as parents in this study. Three of these
varieties were long staple, BBB (big black boll) (P1), Australian
(P2) and G97 (P3) while the other two varieties were extra-long
staple, Giza 92 (P4) and G96 (P5).
Diallel mating design was used to produce 10 single crosses
and 15 double crosses across two seasons (2016 and 2017) at the
Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, Faculty of
Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt. The final experiment was
conducted in the third growing season (2018) using alpha lattice
design (5 x 6) to evaluate 30 genotypes (parents, single crosses and
double crosses) at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture
Research Center, Egypt.
The present study was therefore, designed to:
(1) Generate new forms of cotton genotypes having high seed
cotton yield potential and one or more desired of traits.
(2) Characterize the desirable traits and existing cotton parents and
their crosses for early maturity and determine the
interrelationship between early maturing, yield and fiber
quality traits.
(3) Determine various genetic parameters for yield, its components
and quality traits in crosses of Egyptian cotton.
(4) Estimate the efficiency of alpha lattice and restricted maximum
likelihood models (REML) analysis in increasing the precision
of the present trials.
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First Season
In first season 2016, the five parents were planted and mated
in a diallel mating design excluding reciprocals to obtain 10 single
crosses. Seeds from each parental genotype were sown in two rows
for each parent. The row was 7 meters long and 60 cm apart and
distance of 70cm between the plants on hills. Later the plants were
thinned to one. Emasculation and crossing were made between the
parents at flowering stage.
Second Season
In the second season 2017, F1 single crosses were grown to
mate in a diallel mating design to produce double cross seeds with
the restriction of no parent appeared twice in the same double cross
combination to obtain 15 double crosses.
Third Season
In the final experiment (third season 2018), alpha lattice
design (5x6) with three replications was used in evaluating 30
genotypes (the 5 parental genotypes, 10 F1`s single crosses and 15
double crosses). Each plot consisted of two rows. The rows were 4
meters long and 65 cm apart. Hills were spaced at 20 cm within
rows and seedlings were thinned at two plants/hill. All cultural
practices were followed throughout the growing season as usually
done with ordinary recommendations for cotton culture.
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The Studied Traits
(1) Seed cotton yield/kentar (SCY/K), (2) Lint cotton
yield/kentar(LY/K), (3) Boll weight (g) (BW), (4)Number of open
bolls/plant (NO.B/P), (5) Lint percentage (%) (L%).
Earliness traits
(1) First fruiting node of first sympodium (F.F.N), (2) Days to first
flower appearance (D.F.F), (3) Duration of the boll maturation
(day).
Fiber properties
(1)Upper half mean (U.H.M), (2) Fiber strength (F.S), (3)
Micronaire value (Mic).
Statistical Analyses
Statistical procedures for alpha lattice design were
conducted according Cochran and Cox (1957). Ordinary Reml
model analysis was described by Hough et al. 2010 and Piepho et
al., 2012. Data were analyzed using Genstat (2011).
The procedures of single crosses analysis were described by
Griffing (1956) based on method 2, model I (fixed model) as
outlined by Singh and Chaudhary (1985). The procedures of double
crosses analysis (quadriallel) were carried out according to the
procedure outlined by Singh and Chaudhary (1985). The GCA
effects of parents and SCA effects of F1 crosses were calculated
according to the method described by Griffing (1956) based on
method 2, model I (fixed model) as outlined by Singh &
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Chaudhary (1985). Estimates of heritability were determined
according to the equations of Mather & Jinks (1982).
The results could be summarized as follows:
1. Earliness Traits
1. Line general was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) for all traits
suggesting the presence of the additive variance in the
inheritance of these traits subsequently selection would
be efficient in improvement these traits. Also, 2- line
arrangement was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) for all
traits, excluding days to opening 1st boll which was
significant only (P≤ 0.05) suggesting the presence of the
non-additive variance in the inheritance of these traits.
Also, 3- Line arrangement was highly significant (P≤
0.01) for all traits excluding for days to opening first boll
which was significant only (P≤ 0.05) indicating the
contribution of the additive by dominance interaction
including all three factors or higher order interaction
except all dominance types.
2. Highly significant differences for mean squares of P, C,
D, P vs. C and P vs. D (P≤0.01) for all earliness traits. P
vs. S was insignificant for position of first fruiting node
and days to opening first boll and P vs. D was
insignificant for position of first fruiting. Highly
significant differences for mean squares of P, C, D, P vs.
C and P vs. D (P≤0.01) for all earliness traits.
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3. Double cross [(BBBxG97)(G92xG96)] was the earliest
for position of first fruiting node and days to first flower
and showed negative and significant mid parent heterosis
with significant different from [(AustralianxG96)
(BBBxG97)].
4. Alpha lattice design was more efficient than conventional
RCBD for most of studied traits and means are adjusted
for block effects. Lowest values for CV and SE for traits
were calculated by ordinary REML reflecting the
accuracy and precision of this method compared to
ANOVA for estimating variance components
5. GCA mean squares were significant for both F1 and DC
in all earliness traits except for days to first flower. SCA
mean squares were highly significant only for F1 in two
traits first fruiting node and days to first flower.
GCA/SCA ratio revealed that GCA was higher than SCA
in F1 for duration of the boll maturation while in DC, it
was higher than SCA for first fruiting node and days to
opening 1st boll.
6. 4-line interactions with respect to particular arrangement
of the parents in double crosses, (P1xP3) (P4xP5) was
the best combination for all earliness traits.
2. Yield and Yield Traits
1. Genotypes included in the study had highly significant
variation (p≤0.01) for all studied traits. genotypes was
partitioned into parents (P), single crosses (S), double
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crosses (D), P vs. S and P vs. D. ALL previous parts (i.e. P,
S, D, P vs. Sand P Vs. D) exhibited highly significant
differences (p≤0.01) for all studied traits, except lint
percentage (L %) due to P and D. Also, P vs. S was
insignificant for seed and lint cotton yield/kentar and P vs.
D was insignificant for lint cotton yield/kentar.
2. Line general was highly significant (p≤0.01) only for No.
of bolls/plant and boll weight suggesting the presence of the
additive variance in the inheritance of these traits
subsequently selection would be efficient in improvement
these traits, whereas it was significant (p≤0.05) only for seed
cotton yield/kentar. Meanwhile, line general was
insignificant for lint cotton yield/kentar. 2-line arrangement
was highly significant (p≤0.01) for all traits except for lint
percentage (L%) suggesting the presence of the non-additive
variance in the inheritance of these traits. 3-line arrangement
was highly significant (p≤0.01) for all traits except for lint
percentage (L %) indicating the contribution of the additive
by dominance interaction including all three factors or
higher order interaction except all dominance types.
3. The double cross (AustralianxG92) (G97xG96) had the
highest mean performance value and showed positive and
significant mid parent heterosis for most of yield traits.
4. Alpha lattice design was more efficient than conventional
RCBD for most of studied traits except for boll weight.
Lowest values for CV and SE for traits were calculated by
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ordinary REML reflecting the accuracy and precision of this
method compared to ANOVA for estimating variance
components. Also results showed great differences between
standard error for different traits under RCBD and standard
error (SE) of the same traits under alpha lattice design. The
smaller values of SE difference for alpha lattice design helps
to detect smaller differences for the comparisons of mean.
5. GCA mean squares were highly significant (P≤0.01) for
F1 and DC in all yield traits except for Lint% which was
insignificant with DC. Specific combining ability (SCA)
mean squares were highly significant (P≤0.01) for F1 and
DC in all yield traits except for Lint% with F1 and No. of
bolls/plant with DC. GCA/SCA ratio revealed that GCA
was higher than SCA in F1 for seed cotton yield, lint cotton
yield, Lint % and boll weight while in DC; it was higher
than SCA for seed cotton yield and No. of bolls/plant
6. 4-line interaction with respect to particular arrangements
of the parents in double crosses, (P1xP2) (P4xP5) and
(P1xP3) (P4xP5) formed the best combination for most
yield traits.
3. Fiber Quality Traits
1. Statistical analysis revealed that the genotypes
included in the study had highly significant variation
(p≤0.01) for all studied traits except for upper half
mean which showed insignificance.
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2. 1-line general, 2-line arrangement and 3- line
arrangements, all the parts exhibited highly
significant difference except upper half mean.
3. Mean squares due to genotypes was partitioned into
parents (P), single crosses (S), double crosses (D), P
vs. S and P vs. D. Previous parts (i.e. P, S, D, P vs. S
and P vs. D) exhibited highly significant differences
(p≤0.01) for all studied traits. P vs. S was
insignificant for fiber strength.
4. Double cross [(AustralianxG96)(G97xG92)] had the
highest mean performance for most traits and showed
positive and significant mid parent heterosis
5. Alpha lattice design was more efficient than
conventional RCBD for most of studied traits and
means are adjusted for block effects. Coefficients of
variation (CV%) of alpha lattice design were low as
compared to RCBD for fiber length and fiber
strength. Lowest values of the coefficients of
variation (CV%) for all traits and lowest standard
error were recorded for reml analysis in fiber length
and fiber fineness which indicates high experimental
precision.
6. GCA mean squares were significant for fiber length
and fiber strength in F1, while GCA mean squares
were significant for fiber strength and fiber fineness
(Micronaire reading) in DC. Specific combining
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ability mean squares were only significant for F1 in
both traits fiber strength and fiber fineness
(Micronaire reading). GCA/SCA ratio revealed that
GCA was higher than SCA in F1 for fiber length
while in DC, it was higher than SCA for fiber length
and fiber fineness (Micronaire reading).
7. For 4-line interaction with respect to particular
arrangements of the parents in double crosses, the
best combination was (AustralianxG97) (G92xG96).

تم استخدام خمسة اصناف من القطن المصري كأباء وهى BBB، أسترالي ، 97G، 92G ، 96G. أجريت التجارب في محطة تجارب كلية الزراعة في الموسمين األاول والثانى اما التجربة النهائية تم اجرائها في محطة تجارب سخا وذلك لتقييم 30 تركيب وراثى( 5أباء , 10 هجن فردية , 15هجين زوجى) باستخدام التصميم الشبكى 6x5 .الصفات التي تم دراستها هى محصول القطن الزهر والشعر, نسبة تصافي الحليج, متوسط وزن اللوزة,عدد اللوز المتفتح علي النبات ,نعومة التيلة, متانة التيلة ,طول التيلة, موقع أول عقدة ثمرية , ميعاد ظهور أول زهرة ,ميعاد تفتح أول لوزة. تم عمل التهجين نصف الدائرى للحصول على 10 هجين فردى و 15 هجين زوجى.تم اجراء تحليل Analysis REML لتقييم كل التراكيب الوراثية . تم تقدير الكفاءة النسبية لتصميم design lattice alpha وكذلك Analysis REML في زيادة الدقة التجريبية مقارنة بتصميم RCBD

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