Thesis (M.Sc)-Cairo University, 2024.

Bibliography: pages 72-79.

On 17 March, and 23 June 2015 secondary Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar was strongly disturbed in Cairo Air Navigation Center (CANC) with deterioration and interruptions of communications (Di) at Cairo international airport the disturbances occurred when the radar antennas were pointing at the Sun. We are studying the impacts of geomagnetic storms on Communication, Navigation, Surveillance, and Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) by researching and analyzing the number of hours in a geomagnetic storm per year. According to Dst (<-50 nt) in the period from 2015 to 2021 has been analyzed, associated with (Dst) less than (-50 nT), using Dst records that tabulate the amount and vigor of geomagnetic storms, Sunspot Number (SSN) it is period connects the end of the solar cycle 24 and the beginning of the cycle 25 With comparison the deterioration and interruptions of communications (Di) at Cairo international airport Geomagnetic Storm events occur when the Sun causes disruptions to aviation Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) systems, and elevates radiation dose levels at flight altitudes. Space weather events may occur on short time scales, with the effects occurring from seemingly instantaneous to a few days hence. The effects of space weather come from processes that are invisible to the human eye. The sole exceptions are the brilliant auroras, spawned by energetic electrons and ions. Energized auroras indicate the deposition of energy into the upper atmosphere, and may herald the degradation of communications, navigation, and surveillance of aircraft in the vicinity. Therefore, decision-makers in the field of aviation should be aware that the phenomena of space weather can pose a threat to the safety and efficiency of flight operations, as the answer is to know what the effects are, the potential and consequent risks of geomagnetic storms, and the options available to mitigate those risks. This means following aviation regulations, operational rules, and business practices applicable in this field. Something that is of interest to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the developers of the global satellite navigation system is that geomagnetic storms can cause deterioration of communication, navigation and surveillance systems, radiation hazards to humans and avionics, so space weather "conditions on the sun, in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that may affect the performance and reliability of ground-based and airborne technological systems that can endanger human lives or the health of aircraft crews and air transport passengers" the process of using space weather information has recently received great importance In terms of their application in safe and efficient aircraft operations. The concept of operations for International Space weather information, which is currently being considered by the ICAO group of meteorologists, indicates the possibility of exploiting space weather information to mitigate the disruption of communications at high frequencies, the failure of the Global Navigation Satellite System, and the radiation dose by high-energy particles. Geomagnetic storms lead to ionosphere irregularity affecting communications, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management is one of the phenomena of space weather. Two events of the most violent and dangerous deterioration and interruption of communications were monitored and studied at the Cairo Air Navigation Center on March 17 and June 23, 2015, all aircraft disappeared from radar screens with the deterioration and interruption of communications in Egyptian airspace this unique event affected the safety and security of the Egyptian air traffic management, so the main objective of the research is Identify and manage the threats facing the Egyptian air traffic management (EATM) by responding quickly and positively to mitigate the effects of geomagnetic storm events that cause disruption and deterioration of satellite-based communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) systems by conducting a reference study in forecasting and determining how to avoid risks arising from geomagnetic storms and adopting risk mitigation strategies as appropriate. Space weather information can provide useful information for early warning, predictability of availability, or knowledge of the failure status of satellite-based navigation systems in the future and can thus enhance the effectiveness of the operation of satellite-based navigation systems Communication, navigation, surveillance, and efficient air traffic management. The latest version of the concept of operations of the influence of space weather on the communication, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management system describes mainly the middle and high magnetic latitudes. In the low magnetic latitude region, the effects on the thermosphere, which forms a neutral atmosphere, on the ionosphere, are more influential on communications, surveillance, and the global satellite navigation system than in other regions, taking into account the regional difference and properly including it in the concept of these operations. The desired results of this message will be the effectiveness and efficiency of the cooperative approach to geomagnetic storm hazards and the optimal use of space weather information in aviation to enhance the integration of the system of communication, navigation, reconnaissance, and air traffic management and to provide effective mitigation of the effects of geomagnetic storms.

تعد الإستراتجيه المتكامله لنظم الإتصالات والملاحه والإستطلاع هيكلاً أساسياً لدي إداره الحركه الجويه التي تمثل الخطه العالميه للملاحه الجويه ذات المنهجيه والتي تستهدف النهوض بالتكنولوجيا القائمه علي النظام العالمي للملاحه بالأقمار الصناعيه وتحسين الكفاءه في نظام العالمي للطيران المدني مع القيام في الوقت ذاته بتحسين السلامه أو علي الأقل بالحفاظ عليها وتشير توقعات المنظمه العالميه للطيران المدني الخاصه بالحركه الجويه في الأجل الطويل إلي أن حركه الركاب العالميه ستتضاعف تقريبا بحلول 2035 لكي تصل إلي أكثر من 6 مليارات راكب سنويا وأكثر من 60 مليون رحله جويه لذلك وضعت المنظمه العالميه للطيران المدني الإستراتجيه المتكامله لنظم الإتصالات والملاحه والإستطلاع في المقام الأول لضمان الحفاظ علي تأمين سلامه وكفاءه إداره الحركه الجويه . ولكن توجد تحديات خطيره فإن الأرض تتعرض بأستمرار للإشعاع الجسيمي الكهرومغناطيسي وعالي الطاقه من الشمس ويعرف بإسم (طقس الفضاء) يمكن لحدث طقس الفضائي شديد أن يؤدي الي إضضراب واسع النطاق في صناعه الطيران المدني الأمر الذي قد يستغرق أسابيع للتعافي منه بالكامل فإن العواصف الجيومغناطيسية تؤثر على الطيران من حيث الطبيعه والخطوره و تؤثر علي كلا النظامين سواء علي متن الطائره أو علي الأرض وعلي وجه الخصوص يمكن أن تمتد التأثييرات السلبيه علي نظم الإتصالات والملاحه والإستطلاع مما يضعف ضمان سلامه وكفاءه الحركه الجويه .ومع ذلك فإن إداره الحركه الجويه تنفذ اكثر من عمليه جويه سنويا في خطوط العرض القطبيه وإن الطائرات التي تعمل علي مستوي هذه الخطوط تتأثر أكثر من غيرها بظواهر طقس الفضاء التي يمكن أن تسئ إلي نظم الإتصالات والملاحه وتعرض أعضاء طاقم القياده والركاب إلي مستويات الإشعاع التي تعتبرها الأوساط الطبيه هامه .

Issues also as CD.

Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English.