Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Department of Periodontology

Chronic kidney disease incidence have been rising since the publication of the practical guidelines by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiation (KDOQI) of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) in 2002 to reach 200 case per million in many countries around the world with survival rate 3 to 5 years. There are many mechanisms by which chronic kidney disease can affect the oral cavity; uremia, hyperparathyroid hormone, anemia, oxidative stress and and the dramatic rise in inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6,TNF-Ü, CRP and MCP-1. The oral mucosa, salivary glands, teeth and even periodontal tissues all are affected by the disease.Complications of chronic kidney disease could be prevented if the condition was early detected and controlled; metabolic complications and cardiovascular complication are the most serious complications of chronic kidney disease; both can be early detected and controlled. One successful approach to control the complications is to monitor the inflammatory mediators such as MCP-1a key chemokine; its increasing level translates the decline in renal function and predates the onset of its serious complications

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