Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anaesthesia

The assessment of pain in pediatrics is difficult as they usually do not have the ability to describe their pain. Assessment techniques can be classified as self - report, behavioral observation, or physiological measures. Assessments that use multiple measures and that assess different aspects of the pain experience (e.g. intensity, location, pattern, and meaning) may result in more accurate appraisal of children's pain experiences. The introduction of ultrasound imaging in anesthesia is rapidly becoming an area of increasing interest especially regional anesthesia, as it enables the anesthetist to view an image of the target nerve or region to be blocked, to guide the needle through structures and away from sensitive anatomy, and to monitor the spread of local anesthetic

Issued also as CD