Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and histopathological characteristics of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Egyptian children attending the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic of CUCH during the period from January 2011 to January 2013 and to determine their response to various therapeutic modalities and current outcome. 150 files of nephrotic syndrome patients were randomly selected and retrospectively reviewed; they included 92 males and 58 females with a male : female ratio of 1.6:1, the age of patients ranged between 1.3-15 years with a mean of 5.13+2.92 years, the age at onset ranged between 0.7-12 years with a mean of 4.45+2.49 years. As regards to the clinical findings at presentation; 150 patients (100%) had puffiness of eye lids and lower limb edema, 101 patients (67.3%) had ascites, 64 patients (69.6% of the males) had scrotal edema, 3 patients (2%) had pleural effusion, 1 patient (0.7%) had pericardial effusion, 30 patients (20%) had hypertension, 2 patients (1.3%) had gross hematuria, 1 patient (0.7%) had mild hepatomegaly and 1 patient (0.7%) had mild splenomegaly. Outcome of NS patients according to steroid response was SRNS in 34 cases (22.7%) and SSNS in 116 Cases (77.3%) (62 cases of them were IR while 54 cases were FR). Renal biopsies were done in 39 cases where the most frequent pathological diagnosis was FSGS in 15 cases (38.4%). The commonest complication among our studied group was infection in 81 patients (54%). Among the patients who had infections, the most common pattern encountered was UTI which occurred in 56 patients (37.3%)

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