Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Department of of Endodontics

The aim of this study was to evaluate the canal transportation, canal cleanliness and apical seal associated with Protaper Universal F2 and F3 rotary files, and when Preflaring was performed by Sx files and by Gates Glidden , in an invetro study done between October 2011 to March 2015. Materials and Methods: This study was done using eighty mesiobuccal canal of mandibular molars with canal curvature ranging between 200-400 , they were embedded in resin blocks. The teeth were divided into four experimental subgroups: subgroup I was preflared with SX and enlarged to F3, subgroup II was preflared with gates-glidden and enlarged to F3, subgroup III was preflared with SX and enlarged to F2, and subgroup IV was preflared with gates-glidden and enlarged to F2. Half the samples from each subgroup were evaluated for canal transportation and canal cleanliness, while the other half was evaluated for apical seal. Pre- and post-instrumentation images of each block were taking using digital X-ray machine and processed by Digora system. The images were superimposed and the degree of canal curvature and dentin wall thickness at 3 levels were measured for the pre- and post-instrumentation images of each sample. Evaluation of canal cleanliness was done using stereo-microscope, and images were captured and canal space was traced to calculate debris. Evaluation of the apical seal was done using the dye penetration method, usig methylene blue solution, the roots were longitudinally separated into two halves. Each half was examined using stereo Microscope magnification X40. The depth of the dye penetration was measured and data were statisticaly analyzed

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