Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy

Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq. (family: rutacea), is native to the subtropical regions of the african continent and cultivated in Egypt for the beneficial use as a rootstock for citrus sinensis. Genus citrus is reported to have beneficial effects in the traditional system of medicine. The objective of this work is to study the chemical constituents, as well as, the evaluation of th in vivo and in vitro bioactivities of methanolic extract of the leaves and its fractions. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of citrus volkamerianarevealed the presence of sterols and/or triterpenes, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids (free and combined) and tannins in different organs under investigation. Volatile constituents were present in leaves, peels, and flowers and in trace amount in the flesh and absent in the seeds. Anthraquinones, alkaloids and/or nitrogenous compounds and saponins were absent in different organs under investigation. GC - MS profile of the prepared essential oil led to the identification of 35 different compounds, representing 99.22% of total essential oil from leaves. The major compounds detected were D-limonene (21.26%), sabinene (14.14%), L - linalool (9.72%), citronellal (7.14%) and terpinene-4-ol (6.28%). The percent of oxygenated compounds were 34.40% including alcohols (20.36%), aldehydes (11.29 %), ketones (1.13%) and esters (1.62%). Phytochemical study on the methanolic extract of Citrus volkameriana leaves extract led to the isolation, characterization and structure elucidation of 15 compounds Ü-amyrin, Ý- sitosterol,5-O-demethylnobiletin, 4', 5- dihydroxy- 6, 7, 8, 3'-tetramethoxyflavone ,Tangeretin ,Nobiletin ,Cirsilineol ,luteolin 7- O- methylether ,Hesperetin,4'- hydroxy- 5, 6, 7- trimethoxyflavon,Ý- sitosterol 3- O- Ý- D- glucoside,P-coumaric acid methyl ester,Apigenin,Luteolin and Hesperidin.

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