Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management

Quarantine regulation requirements for importation of horses in Egypt and the most important 6 quarantines in Cairo and Giza approved by General Organization of Veterinary Services (G.O.V.S.) used for imported horses to Egypt were hygienically evaluated. Monitoring against Salmonella through Cairo International airport was assessed from July 2014 through July 2015 and from January 2014 through July 2015 for imported horses and beef respectively. Hygienic and construction criteria of quarantines were hygienically inspected, relation to main road, type of stables , number of boxes (stalls), breed, length of stall ,width of stall, floor, doors, type of wall, floor-to-ceiling height, type of light, feeding system , drinking system, type of ventilation system, riding area, drainage system and process of disinfection. The samples included the fecal samples of imported horses (n=90), imported chilled beef (n=67) and imported frozen beef (n=63).Imported horses from Belgium, England, Germany, France, Emirates and Kuwait were free from Salmonella. Although 1.5% of the imported chilled beef was positive for Salmonella, The most prevalent serotype isolated was S.kentucky, imported from Australia in summer 2014, while 6.4% of the imported frozen beef was positive for Salmonella; the most prevalent serotype isolated were S.infantis, S.hafnia S.typhimurim and S.newport imported in winter 2014, summer 2014(South Africa), winter 2015(Australia) and summer 2014 (U.S.A) respectively. Prevalence rate of Salmonella higher (60%) in summer season and decreased in winter (40%) but lower in autumn (20%), absence in spring. Salmonella typhimurim was sensitive to florfenicol, gentamycin and streptomycin

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