Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Analytical Chemistry

Different approaches could be considered while developing green analytical spectrophotometric methods. Four spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated, in all the proposed methods, the selection of a green solvent according to the following : Substitute the hazardous solvents by others that show better environmental, health and safety properties. Use "bio-solvents" i.e. solvents produced from renewable resources. So, From an eco-friendly point of view, ethanol is highly desirable due to its low toxicity as it is derived from renewable sources . It also has a low EHS score.(1) So, ethanol was used in all proposed methods which is considered environmentally favorable according to EHS and LCA methods. In this part the applicability of spectrophotometric analysis using RDSM and MCR methods are green analytical chemistry as considered an environmental compatible techniques owing to insignificant amount of solvent, low reagent consumption, low waste production as decrease in the waste amount measure of the greenness of the method and low operational cost. (91) This shows that the proposed methods save time, solvents and produce smaller amounts of waste. So, green spectrophotometric methods can replace the conventional methods for determination of CB and CD, MB and SUL either in their pure powdered form or in their dosage forms. The suggested methods neither use nor produce harmful chemicals. The proposed methods pass the four quadrants of the greenness profile. The methods were validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy. The suggested methods are greener than the reported ones with good validation parameters and hence they can be used for routine analysis of the studied mixtures without harming the environment

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