The correlation between mammographic breast density and bone mineral density in natural and surgical menopause / Mahy Fathy Fayad ; Supervised Abdelsalam Abdelhamid Eldawakhly , Sherif Mohamed Maher Negm , Marwa Adel Shaaban

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Menopause is defined as a cessation of ovarian function that results in permanent amenorrhea. Because 12 months of amenorrhea ensures a cessation of ovulation in older women, definitive diagnosis is usually made retrospectively. A standardized system for the chronology and terminology of menopause was developed by a consensus panel in 2001. They defined the menopausal transition as the period of time from the first variation in menstrual cycle length and elevated follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) to the final menses. Menopause is the year of amenorrhea after the final period. Perimenopause includes the transition phase and menopause itself. A bone mineral density measurement using dual energy X- ray absorptiometry has been the "gold-standard" for diagnosing osteoporosis and evaluating fracture risk. Although DXA has proven to be a reliable predictor of future fracture, its high cost and its limited availability precludes its wide application in remote areas. Mammography refers to the process of obtaining images of the breast using low-energy x-rays. The aim of this work was to find out if there was a correlation between mammographic breast density and bone mineral density in menopausal women (either naturally on surgically) in comparison to control normal cases

Issued also as CD