Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics

Topical drug administration is application of drug on skin. A wide variety of vehicles ranging from solid to semisolids and liquid preparations are available for topical treatment of dermatological disease as well as skin care. Topical delivery is an attractive route for local and systemic treatment where the drug penetrates deeper into skin and hence give better absorption. Fungal infections of the skin are known as 2mycoses3. They are common and generally mild. However, in very sick or otherwise immune suppressed people, fungi can sometimes cause serious diseases. The symptoms of a fungal skin infection include rashes with a variety of different appearances like red, scaly, itchy and dry skin. The availability of the azoles represented a major advance in the management of fungal infections. The triazoles, particularly Itraconazole (ITZ) and fluconazole, are now frequently used as alternatives to amphotericin B. Itraconazole possesses several properties that makes it difficult to formulate, such as very poor water solubility (~1 ng / mL at neutral pH) and a high log P (> 5). Therefore, various solubilization methods were used to increase the drug solubility and dissolution properties, including the use of surfactant, water-soluble carriers, polymeric conjugates, and solid dispersion

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