Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Agricultural Biochemistry

This research was carried out to investigate the chemical composition, and phytochemicals of some fruit by-products; kiwi peels (KP), banana peels (BP), banana leaves (BL) and olive leaves (OL). All tested samples were extracted by water, 80% methanol, 80% ethanol and 80% acetone. Total phenols, flavonoids and tannins for all extracts were determined as well as the sample extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-diabetic activities. Phenolic compounds isolated from acetone extracts of samples were characterized and identified by HPLC. Antioxidant assays by DPPH{u00B0}, ABTS{u00B0}⁺, reducing power and Fe²⁺ chelating were evaluated. The best IC50 values to quench the DPPH., ABTS{u00B0}⁺ and Fe²+ chelating of these samples extracts were obtained by acetone extracts. Acetone extracts (600æg / ml) showed higher antimicrobial activity than ethanolic extracts of KP, BP, BL and OL against gram positive and negative bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the acetone extracts of KP, BP, BL and OL exhibited cytotoxic effects on cancer human cells in a dose dependent manner assessed by MTT assay. Diabetes was induced in female rats using streptozotocin (45 mg / kg body weight). Oral ingestion (500 mg / kg bw daily) of KP, BP, BL and OL (acetone extracts) for 30 days led to decrease blood glucose levels, restored renal and liver function. In addition, acetone extracts for tested samples reduce GPX, GST and catalase activity, as well as anti-inflammatory biomarkers of diabetic rats. The histopathological study revealed protective effect of acetone extracts on Ý-cells, kidney and liver in diabetic rats and apparent normal

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