Evaluation of some S100 proteins in the sera of bladder cancer patients / Hebatollah Atef Saad Ali ; Supervised Manal F. Ismail , Noha A. Elboghdady , Marwa I. Shabayek

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry

Calcium binding proteins S100 A are multifunctional proteins that show altered expression in various diseases and cancer. This study aimed at validating an easier and less time consuming technique to evaluate the value of combined use of mRNA S100 A genes in comparison and combination with voided urine cytology in detection of bladder cancer patients. Blood and urine specimens were collected from patients (n=120) with histological confirmed bladder carcinoma who classified according to bladder cancer stage into four groups, and from healthy volunteers (n=30). Histopathology examination, bilharzias antibodies detection, urine cytology and mRNA expression of S100A genes were estimated for all subjects by qRT-PCR. Results indicate that each of the investigated S100A genes can be used as diagnostic marker for bladder cancer. Both S100A4 and S100A6 can be used to differentiate between different stages of bladder cancer. S100 A7 can be used for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Both S100A8 and S100A9 can be used for detection of invasive bladder carcinoma while S100A11 can be used for early detection of superficial bladder carcinoma. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the studied S100 A genes ranged from (73-90%) and (84-92%), respectively. The combined use of urine cytology with the investigated S100 A genes increased sensitivity from 56% up to a range of (87-96%). In conclusion, serum S100 A genes can be useful as potential serological biomarkers for bladder cancer, and combined use of urine cytology with S100 A genes can improve the sensitivity for detection of bladder cancer

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