Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Agricultural Biochemistry

The present study was carried out in tissue culture research laboratory, horticulture research Institute, A.R.C., Giza, Egypt, during 2011 to 2014. Because of the importance of ginkgo biloba and industrial needs of ginkgo secondary metabolites significantly directed this study towards elicitation using tissue culture for over production of ginkgo metabolites via using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) which utilized as the donor of nitric oxide (NO) and using micro algal elicitors (anabaena Sp. and spirulina Sp.) to investigate its effect as elicitor on phenols, flavonoids, ginkgo flavone glycosides and ginkgolides accumulation in G. biloba cell suspension cultures and the effect of these elicitors on cells growth. Moreover, study the effects of different hormone combinations on callus induction for production the best callus in ginkgo biloba cell cultures. The results showed that the optimal medium for inducing leaf-derived callus and the reculture of callus was MS media with 2.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)+2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). It was found that using SNP at concentrations of 25 and 50 ppm showed the highest increase in biomass of cultured ginkgo biloba on day 13 which was 0.599 and 0.58 g FW, respectively from the initial inoculums of 0.5 g FW. Whereas the highest accumulation of phenols and flavonoids content with 150 ppm SNP on day 22 showed an increase of 2.8 and 2.2 fold relative to control. Similarly, anabaena Sp. extract at concentration of 150 ppm which showed the highest accumulation of phenols and flavonoids content (2.5 and 2 fold on day 22 of the control, respectively). On the other hand, anabaena sp. extract at concentration of 150 ppm also influenced the highest increase in biomass G. biloba cultured cells on day 13 day which was 0.69 g FW

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