Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy

The current investigation includes a phytochemical and a biological evaluation of the aerial parts of two desert fodders; carduus getulus pomel and panicum turgidum forssk. The study aims to identify the chemical constituents of both plants via UPLC-UV-MS that allowed for the detection of 32 and 39 metabolites, most of them were identified. Flavonoids were the major class of secondary metabolites in both C. getulus and P. turgidum respectively. Application of various chromatographic and spectral techniques resulted in the isolation and identification of luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside, tricin-5-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin from C. getulus. Meanwhile, isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside, isovitexin-7-O-xyloside, isovitexin, chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside, tricin-7-O-glucoside, isoorientin, luteolin, apigenin and Ý-sitosterol were isolated from P. turgidum. Moreover, criteria for standardization of C. getulus and P. turgidum extracts were established including determination of proximate composition and nutritive value as well as analysis of carbohydrate, lipids and amino acid components. The safety margin (LD50 and sub-chronic toxicity), antihepatotoxic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of plants ethanolic extract were assessed

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