Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Department of Periodontology

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in response to a predominantly gram-negative bacterial infection originating in dental plaque. Diabetes and periodontal disease are two chronic diseases that have long been considered to be biologically linked. A large amount of studies and reviews report the adverse effects of diabetes on the onset, progression and severity of periodontal disease. The Wnt (wingless) /Ý-catenin signaling (also termed canonical Wnt pathway), have been implicated in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Inhibition of Wnt antagonists as DKK1 considerably increases bone mass, bone formation, and bone density in humans and animals. Melatonin affect bone metabolism not only by decreasing osteoclast-related bone resorption but also by promoting osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralizing by regulating Wnt signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of locally delivered melatonin as adjunct to non surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF level of DKK1 in chronic periodontitis patients with type II diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted on 44 patients, suffering from chronic peridontitis with type II diabetes mellitus divided into two groups as following: Intervention group (A): consisted of 22 patients (12 females and 10 males) with mean age 50.3±5.8 years and range from 41 to 59 years, were treated by non-surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planning) then topical application of melatonin gel inside the pocket. Control group (B): consisted of 22 patients (10 females and 12 males) with mean age 49.8±5.9 years and range from 41 to 59 years, were treated by non surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planning) only

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