Biochemical studies on mulberry / Hanan Abdelkareem Ghanam ; Supervised Abdelmoniem Mohamed Nagib , Abdelkader Moursy Abdelsamed , Hala Mohamed Zaki

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Agriculture Biochemistry

Black mulberry fruits were examined for their proximate analysis (based on dry weight), mineral, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, total anthocyanine and total and reducing sugar. Results of the proximate analysis revealed that the moisture percentage was 83.29% for black mulberry fruits. Ash content in black mulberry was 6.67%. The assigned crude protein content in black mulberry fruits was 11.46%. The total lipid was 4.81% for black mulberry fruits. The fiber and total carbohydrate of black mulberry were 9.93 and 67.13. Total phenolic compounds in black mulberry was 71.51 mg/100g while, the estimated value in extracts mulberry was hexane 280.22, ethyl acetate 942.21,methanol extracts 107.12 and aqueous extracts 374.95 mg/100g as Gallic acid, respectively. Total flavonoid in different extract of black mulberry was black mulberry fruits 0.106, hexane 1.97, ethyl acetate 0.25, methanol extracts 6.76 and aqueous extracts 5.43 mg/100g as Qercetine, respectively. The reducing and total sugar in black mulberry was 28.16 and 41.56 mg/100g, respectively, while the estimated value in extracts mulberry was methanol extracts was 53.43 and 55.29 mg/100g, respectively and aqueous extract was 5.73 and 5.84 mg/100g, respectively. Methanolic extract has an effect against all tested bacterial pathogens such as salmonella, E. coli, Bacillus, and staphylococcus, especially low concentrations while ethyl acetate extract has an effect against all tested bacterial pathogens as strong as antibacterial especially high concentrations. The hexane and aqueous extract of black mulberry had low or no effect against all tested bacterial pathogens. The biological effects of black mulberry extract glucose, lipid profile, kidney and liver functions, some enzyme activities and enzymes in blood and histopathology. The best decrease for lipid profile was recorded by 400mg/kg b.w in aqueous extract, while 400mg/kg b.w in methanolic extract black mulberry expect HDL, the best increase 400mg/kg b.w,400mg/kg b.w in methanolic and aqueous extract of mulberry, respectively. The best increased of catalase and total antioxidant in aqueous extract in experimental protective

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