Clinical versus instrumented reliability of diagnosis of acute compartmental syndrome in tibial fractures / Hamada Moustafa Abdelaal ; Supervised Wesam Gaber ElInani , Yasser Abdelfattah Radwan , Abdullah Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Orthopaedics

The diagnosis of acute CS is based on careful clinical examination. Intra-compartmental pressure measurement, and monitoring if indicated , is a recommended clinical practice in uncertain diagnostic situations[3]. The muscle groups of the human limbs are divided into sections, or compartments, formed by strong, unyielding fascial membranes. Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a compartment compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space[4]. Acute compartment syndrome occurs when the tissue pressure within a closed muscle compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure and results in muscle and nerve ischemia. It typically occurs subsequent to a traumatic event, most commonly a fracture[5]. The cycle of events leading to acute compartment syndrome begins when the tissue pressure exceeds the venous pressure and impairs blood out-flow. Lack of oxygenated blood and accumulation of waste products result in pain and decreased peripheral sensation secondary to nerve irritation[6]. Timely surgery is of up most importance, as inadequate or delayed surgical release may result in further tissue damage and substantial local (e.g., Volkmann{u2018}s contracture, amputation) or systemic complications (e.g., organ failure, death

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