Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics

Background: Recent reports indicate an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents around the world in all ethnicities. The prevalence of T2DM is significantly increased in the pediatric population, which is affected by obesity worldwide. The progression in obese children of insulin resistance to T2DM has been shown to be faster than in adults Therefore , a screening seems meaningful especially in high risk groups such as children and adolescents with obesity, relatives with T2DM, and clinical features of insulin resistance (hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or acanthosis nigricans).Aim of work: To estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM and their associated risk factors among obese and overweight high risk Egyptian children and adolescents using strip HbA1c as screening test. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 339 children and adolescents of high risk groups for T2DM recruited from Cairo University Children{u2018}s Hospital outpatient clinics (Endocrinology, Hepatology, and dyslipidemia clinics), and Kasr Alainy School of Medicine Endocrinology clinic over a period of 10 months. Patients with hemoglobinopathies, known T1DM patients and children on steroid therapy were excluded from our study. The age of the study group ranged between 5-18 years. All those were subjected to full history taking, clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements, and screened for prediabetes and T2DM using strip HbA1c and OGTT. Subjects with abnormal HbA1c (defined as HbA1c >5.7%) were subjected to serum HbA1c for confirmation

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