Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Department of Orthodontics

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP) (GC Tooth Mousse) application in prevention of white spot lesions development during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty-five orthodontic patients who required at least two first premolars extraction as part of their orthodontic treatment plan were recruited from the outpatient{u2019}s clinic of the Orthodontic Department. The maxillary arch of each patient was divided into right and left quadrant. The total number was ninety quadrants which were divided randomly into two groups; intervention group and control group. The intervention group received CPP-ACP paste once every two weeks for three successive months, while the control group received no treatment. Intraoral pretreatment (initial) photographs of each patient were taken as part of standard orthodontic record keeping procedures. After 3 months upper first premolar{u2019}s brackets were then debonded, teeth were air dried for more than five seconds and lateral intra-oral photographs were taken, subsequently, the teeth were extracted, cleaned with 10% formalin and kept in distilled water. Pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs were evaluated by 10 dentists according to the International Caries Assessment and Detection System (ICDAS II) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) using PowerPoint presentation. Extracted teeth were sent to be tested for surface texture under scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-rays (SEM/EDX). For surface microhardness testing, each tooth was divided buccolingually. Each buccal half was mounted in a custom-made cylindrical mold that was prepared using self-cured acrylic resin

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