Evaluation of the protective effect of graviola on the deleterous effect of diabetes and insulin gene expression in submandibular salivary glands of albino rats : Animal study / Sherihan Hamdy Mokhtar ; Supervised Samia Mostafa Kamal , Dina Sabry Abdelfatah

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine- Department of Oral Biology

Background. Diabetes is known as a chronic disease that is relatively common throughout the world. The disturbances of the salivary glands that usually associated with diabetes mellitus can cause qualitative and quantitative changes in the saliva. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of graviola against the deleterious effect of diabetes mellitus on the submandibular salivary gland of albino rats regarding the histopathological changes, oxidative stress, mucopolyscharides, serum glucose level and insulin gene expression. Material and Methods. Thirty adult male albino rats were used in this study and divided randomly into3 equal groups, 10 animals each. Group I served as control .Group II were injected with streptozotocin 80 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.3) by by gastric tube. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the submandibular glands excised and prepared for H and E examination, immunohistochemically for iNOS expression (Inducible nitric oxide synthase), histochemical examination and for molecular assessment of insulin . Results. The results of histological examination showed typical normal histological picture in the submandibular salivary glands of group I . In group II, showed severe deformation. In group III, the histological deformation was greatly diminished. The qRT- PCR results of insulin gene in the the diabetic group presented lowest density bands while graviola treated group showed intermediate density bands. Statistical analysis of histomorphometric results and PCR revealed a statistically significant difference among the studied groups as the p-value was <0.001. Conclusion. The graviola leaves could be a useful remedy against diabetes alone or with medications as it had a beneficial role in improving the detrimental changes induced by diabetes in the submandibular salivary glands of rats

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