Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Archaeology - Department of Egyptology

The climatic conditions played a major role for humans during prehistoric times; such conditions effect on the availability of the different resources, during the terminal Pleistocene the Sahara was not occupied and there is no any settlement outside of the Nile Valley. After the hyper aridity happening during this time, early Holocene started with what{u2019}s known as "The reoccupation phase of the Early Holocene", with wetter conditions supporting means of life for humans, animal and flora. The Sahara during this time covered by the savannah, but later during the Mid-Holocene the changing in the climatic conditions to aridity forced humans to settled several sites along the Nile Valley, Thus climate change had a significant impact on the human occupation particularly on the Eastern Sahara and the Fayum region, and People had to deal with these changing climate conditions, where the availability of faunal and floral resources is associated with the climatic conditions and the availability of water. In earlier times hunting game and gathering wild plants was a way of human subsistence. At a later date the use of domesticated animals and plants became an essential step towards a new lifestyle that provided a wider variety of food supplies through combining different subsistence patterns.Since the Neolithic farming, herding, and raising domesticated animals became the dominant lifestyle in the Nile Valley

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