A pharmaceutical study on an analgesic drug / Khaled Mohamed Abdelhaleem ; Supervised Mohamed Ahmed Elnabarawi , Nabaweya Abdelaziz Abdelgawad , Aliaa Nabil Elmeshad

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics

Nowadays, there has been an enhanced demand for more patient-friendly and compliant dosage forms. The oral route still represents the preferred way of administration and has wide acceptance up to 50-60% of total dosage forms owing to its manifold advantages including ease of administration, accurate dosage, self- medication, versatility and most importantly patient compliance compared to many other routes. Pain is expressed as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain is one of the most prevalent and feared symptoms in patients with cancer and other non-malignant diseases. Hence, good pain management is one of the central pillars of good patient care. As a class, the opioid analgesics are arguably one of the most important groups of pharmaco-therapeutic agents in the clinical practice setting. These drugs are either related to morphine in structure and action, or they are synthetic derivatives with different chemical structures, one of these derivatives is Ethylmorphine HCl (EtM), possessing an analgesic and antitussive efficacy. It acts by blocking the transmission of pain signals to the brain, thus used to relief severe muscle spasms and cramps in addition to pain occurred in case of bone injury and cancer. The aim of this thesis was to formulate and evaluate EtM in dual action dosage form tablets; firstly, formulation of lyophilized orodispersible tablet containing EtM to provide instant release and optimization was done via factorial design outcomes. Secondly, formulation of directly compressed tablet containing EtM that exhibited sustained action and the optimization was done previously as in orodispersible tablet

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