Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy

Sesamum indicum L. is a plant belonging to the Family Pedaliaceae. It grows worldwide in India, Sudan and China. The high nutritive and curative effects of sesame favour its wide use in culinary and traditional medicines. No reports could be traced concerning genetic, botanical, phytochemical and biological study of sesame cultivars (Shandawel-3, Giza-32 and Toshka) cultivated in Egypt. Therefore, it represents an interesting field for study. Genetic study was performed using 12 primers producing a total of 99 RAPD fragments, of which 25 bands were polymorphic. Results of detailed botanical study showed that all cultivars have nearly similar macro and micromorphological characters but differ in the dimensions of certain elements. Metabolomic profiling of sesame leaves via LC-HR-ESI-MS and molecular docking study of dereplicated compounds on COVID-19 spike protein led to identification of 41 compounds, that are potential inhibitors of COVID-19 spike protein. Study also, included preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles of ethanol (70%) extract (SNPs). Isolation and identification of 12 compounds and their docking study on COX-2 revealed promising activities. the study also included phytochemical screening, assessment of nutritional and lipid profiles, as well as, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In vitro estimation of antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities were also, evaluated and in vivo anti-osteoarthritic activity. Results showed that sesame has high nutritive value. Vitamins (A, D, E, K, C and B complex) were also estimated.15 amino acids and 6 minerals were quantified. Results revealed high phenolic and flavonoids content and promising antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoarthritic activities.The study showed that sesame represents a cheap, safe candidate for drug discovery with promising biological activities

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