Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Science - Department of Biochemistry

Bladder cancer was considered the third most common tumor in Egypt according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) registry. However, Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (BTCC) represents about 90% of all bladder cancer cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression levels (mRNA and protein) of special AT-rich sequence binding protein- 1 (SATB1) and E-cadherin as biomarkers for transitional cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) techniques of the Egyptian urinary bladder patients compared to the noncancerous bladder tissues.The study included 48 BTCC tissues (41 males and 7 females) of different grades and stages and 12 noncancerous bladder tissues (7 males and 5 females). Results: A statistically significant association regarding smoking and gender were found between the BTCC group and the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference on comparing the presence of schistosomiasis in both studied groups. The expression of SATB1 was significantly over expressed and E-cadherin was significantly down expressed in BTCC tissues compared to the noncancerous bladder tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Over expression of SATB1 and decreased expression of E-cadherin were statistically associated with tumor stage, tumor grade and tumor size. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was detected between the expressions of two studied genes and gender or age. A significant association was found between the protein expressions of SATB1 and E-cadherin. Pearson correlation test showed significantly negative correlation between mRNA expression levels of SATB1 and E-cadherin. Conclusion: SATB1 and E-cadherin expressions may be considered as good biochemical markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of transitional cell carcinoma in urinary bladder of Egyptian patients

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