Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics

With a steady increase in the number of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles over the years, there has been an increase in the incidence of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS), posing an important medical problem for the clinicians (Humaidan et al., 2010). OHSS is a recognized threat to ovarian stimulation in assisted conception. In a Cochrane review, incidence of OHSS was found to be lower with the use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol compared with the long down regulation protocol in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles (Al-Inany et al.,2011). Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important topics in female reproductive endocrinology (Chen et al., 2007). Women with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment are predisposed to developing OHSS due to their high antral follicle count (AFC).The use of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol rather than the long agonist protocol has demonstrated a significant decrease in the incidence of OHSS (Pundir et al., 2012; Teede et al., 2018). GnRH antagonist, in the last decades, has been introduced to the market to be used for pituitary desensitization in IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. GnRH antagonist protocol is shown to be an effective alternative to the standard long GnRH agonist protocol (Check et al., 1993)

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