Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics

Objectives: To identify the incidence, risk factors of air leak syndrome in neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care units.Methods: The present study reviewed the admitted neonates in the neonatal intensive care units of Cairo university hospitals over a period of 12 months from January 2020 to December 2020 to detect prevalence of air leak syndrome among this group.The study included 762 neonates admitted in NICU over the whole year 2020; 305 neonates diagnosed and/or complicated with air leak syndrome. History, clinical data, laboratory and imaging results were collected from the files of the patients and their progress notes.Results: This study highlights the extent of air leak syndrome problems among hospitalized neonates and the most common associated risk factors. Air leak syndrome was reported in 305 cases (40%) of studied group. Pneumothorax was found in 295 cases (97%), while pneumoperitoneum in 10 cases (3%).The most common predisposing factors of air leak syndrome were neonatal sepsis (86%), mechanical ventilation (84%), RDS (76%), prematurity (69%), low birth weight, bag-mask ventilation (57%), use of neopuff resuscitator (43%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (19%). PROM was the most common associated maternal illness (56%). Mortality rate was reported in 53% of newborns with air leak syndrome

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