Tamer Fathy Tamer Younesm,    <br/><br/>
Studying Studying the effect of gender on the response to the use of intravenous nalbuphine for post operative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy / 
 / دراسة تأثير نوع الجنس على مدى فعالية عقار النالبيوفين المعطى وريديا لتسكين الألم بعد جراحة المرارة بالمنظار 
by Tamer Fathy Tamer Younes ; Supervisors  Prof. Dr.Amany Ezzat , Prof. Dr. Mohamed Mansour , Prof Dr. Ahmed Zaghloul. 
 - 87 pages :   illustrations ;   25 cm. +   CD. 
<br/><br/>Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2023. 
<br/><br/>Bibliography: pages 69-85.  
<br/><br/> That’s why pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered multifactorial and independent on the gender of patients.<br/>Mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system where they mediate the strong analgesic and mood-altering actions of opioids, and modulate numerous endogenous functions(3).<br/>Nalbuphine is a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid that induce analgesia by acting predominantly at kappa opioid receptors, have recently been shown in single- dose studies to have greater analgesic efficacy in women than in men(4).<br/>Now, research has revealed that the same major types of opioid receptor interact differently depending on sex. The spinal cord of female laboratory animals was found to contain almost five times more kappa-mu heterodimer - a complex of mu- opioid and kappa-opioid receptor- than the spinal cord of male animals. 
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<br/><br/><br/>Text in English and abstract in Arabic & English. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>anesthesia
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>laparoscopic	  cholecystectomy	  heterodimer 
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>617.967