TY  - BOOK
AU  - Eman Mahmoud Ibrahim Elbably,
AU  - Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Awad
AU  - Hala Mohamed Hanafy Omara
AU  - Amir Arabi Gabre
TI  - Effect of Aerobic Exercise versus Vestibular Stimulation on Lipid Profile in Premenstrual Syndrome
U1  - 615.82 
PY  - 2024///
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - qrmak
KW  - Aerobic exercise
KW  - Vestibular stimulation
KW  - Premenstrual syndrome
KW  - Total cholesterol
KW  - HDL
KW  - LDL
KW  - Triglycerides
N1  - Thesis (Ph.D)-Cairo University, 2024; Bibliography: pages 79-94; Issues also as CD
N2  - Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by emotional and 
physical symptoms that begins at the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle 
(5–7 days before menstruation) and ends in the follicular phase (2–4 days 
after menstruation) (Hasani et al., 2015). It affects 85% of females of 
reproductive age. The most common psych emotional and behavioural 
symptoms are depression, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, anger, confusion 
and loneliness (Pearlstein et al., 2000). 
The vestibular system is not just for maintaining balance and 
equilibrium or reflexes but also, in advanced functions like improving 
cognition, improving diabetic condition, reducing stress (Smith and Zheng, 
2013). Vestibular system stimulation   
has shown many benefits like 
decreased self-stimulation, decreased hypersensitivity, increased postural 
security, increased concentration and attentiveness, increased balance, 
increased body awareness, calming effects, reduction of abnormal muscle 
tone (Sailesh and Mukkadan, 2013). 
Aerobic exercise has an effect on lipid profile. It was reported that 
short term aerobic exercise improves High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) 
and decreases Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density 
Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL–C). This may be due to the fact that the 
decrease in LDL levels could be attributed to the increases in the activity of 
hepatic triglyceride lipase enzyme during short term physical exercise (Lira 
et al., 2010). 
75 
This study was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic exercise 
versus vestibular stimulation on lipid profile in premenstrual syndrome.  
Sixty patients with premenstrual syndrome had regular menstrual 
cycles were participated in this study. They were selected randomly from 
Out Patient Clinic of Gynecology Department, Cairo University in Cairo.  
Their ages were ranged between 23-30 year. Their body mass index 
did not exceed 30 kg/ m2. They were not participating in physical therapy 
exercise program at the last 3 months. Patients with cardiovascular 
problems, pulmonary problems and endometriosis are excluded from the 
study.  
This study was designed as randomized controlled trial. All patients 
were divided randomly into two equal groups (A&B). Group A: It consisted 
of thirty patients with premenstrual syndrome. They were treated by aerobic 
exercises in the form of treadmill training at moderate intensity of 60- 70% 
of the maximum heart rate, 3 times per week for 2 months. Group B: It 
consisted of thirty patients with premenstrual syndrome. They were treated 
by vestibular stimulation, 3 times per week for 2 months.   
The study was conducted under the acceptance of ethical committee 
NO: P.T.REC ∕ 012 ∕ 004862 Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. 
Total cholesterol level, HDL, LDL, triglycerides were assessed for all 
patients before and after treatment in both groups (A&B). Premenstrual 
syndrome scale was used to confirm the diagnosis of PMS before study and 
to evaluate the severity of PMS symptoms for all patients in both groups 
(A&B) before and after treatment.; شارك في هذه الدراسة 60 مريضة تعاني من متلازمة ما قبل الحيض حيث كانت لهم دورات شهرية منتظمه وتم اختيارهم عشوائيا من العيادة الخارجية لقسم أمراض النساء بجامعة القاهرة . تراوحت أعمارهن بين 23-30 سنة مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم لا يتجاوز 30 كجم/م2  ولم يشاركوا في برنامج تمارين العلاج الطبيعي خلال الأشهر الثلاثة الماضية وكذلك تم استبعاد المرضى الذين يعانون من مشاكل في القلب والأوعية الدموية، ومشاكل في الرئة وبطانة الرحم من الدراسة. التصميم: تم تصميم هذه الدراسة كتجربة عشوائية محكومة حيث تم تقسيم جميع المرضى بشكل عشوائي إلى مجموعتين متساويتين (أ & ب). المجموعة (أ): تتكون من ثلاثين مريضة تعاني من متلازمة ما قبل الحيض حيث تم علاجهن بتمارين هوائية على شكل تدريب على جهاز المشي بكثافة متوسطة تتراوح بين 60-70% من الحد الأقصى لمعدل ضربات القلب، 3 مرات أسبوعيًا لمدة شهرين. المجموعة( ب): وتتكون من ثلاثين مريضة تعاني من متلازمة ما قبل الحيض وتم علاجهن عن طريق تمارين الاتزان الحركي، 3 مرات في الأسبوع لمدة شهرين. وهكذا، وجد أن التمارين الهوائية فعالة أكثر من تمارين الاتزان الحركي على نسبة الدهون في متلازمة ما قبل الطمث، في تخفيف التوتر وأعراض الدورة الشهرية
ER  -