TY - BOOK AU - Amr Samy Mohamed Mokhtar AU - Galal Behery , AU - Mostafa Makhouf , TI - Tramadol administered in a combination of routes for reducing pain after removal of impacted mandibular 3rd molar = : تعاطى عقار الترامادول بمجموعة من الطرق لتخفيف آلام ما بعد خلع درس العقل السفلى المدفون / PY - 2010/// CY - Cairo : PB - Amr Samy Mohamed Mokhtar , KW - Enantiomer KW - Tramadol hydrochloride KW - Visual analogue scale N1 - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Issued also as CD N2 - The aim of this study is the evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of tramadol given by two different routes of administration ( local and systemic ) following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar . In this double - blind , randomized , placebo controlled clinical trial , four groups of six patients each were included ER -