TY - BOOK AU - Abdalaziz Mostafa Abdalziz Zahran AU - Ayman Heikal , AU - Hesham Alaassar , AU - Sameh Elmaraghi , TI - The effect of low - dose hydrocortisone on requirement of norepinephrine and lactate clearance in patients with refractory septic shock / PY - 2012/// CY - Cairo : PB - Abdalaziz Mostafa Abdalziz Zahran , KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Refractory septic shock KW - Serum lactate N1 - Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Critical Care Medicine; Issued also as CD N2 - Cortisol is necessary to survive critical but absolute adrenal insufficiency is rare among critically ill patients . However many observations argue that suboptimal cortisol production may be common and associated with worse outcomes . Suboptimal cortisol production during septic shock has been termed functional or relative adrenal insufficiency . In the 1990 s interest in corticosteroids as a therapy in septic shock was renewed this time using smaller more physiological doses for longer duration ER -