TY - BOOK AU - Peter Safwat Fahmy AU - Hassan Ali Hussein , AU - Mervat Mohamed Elansary , AU - Nesrine Mohamed Elgharbawi , TI - Patterns of X inactivation in abnormal X chromosome / PY - 2013/// CY - Cairo : PB - Peter Safwat Fahmy , KW - Atrial septal defect KW - Embryonic stem cell KW - X chromosome N1 - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology; Issued also as CD N2 - X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process that occurs during the embryonic development by which mammalian female cells have one of the two X chromosomes inactivated . Chromosome X inactivation is believed to be random in early female development . The X inactivation ratios of females can range from a highly skewed ratio 0.100 where the same X chromosome is active for all cells to a 50 : 50 ratio where each X chromosome is active in an equal number of cells ER -