TY  - BOOK
AU  - Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Elwakeel
AU  - Bassant M. Abdelhameed , 
AU  - Jehan Helmy Ebrahim , 
AU  - Nadia Youssef Hamed Helmy , 
TI  - Efficacy and safety of nefopam versus meperidine in controlling postspinal shivering in patients undergoing orthopedic lower limb surgeries / 
PY  - 2014///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Elwakeel , 
KW  - Meperidine
KW  - Nefopam
KW  - Shivering
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anaesthesia; Issued also as CD
N2  - Shivering is a common problem that affects up to 70% of patients following spinal anesthesia. It is thermoregulatory and always preceded by core hypothermia and vasoconstriction. But it causes many hazards as well. In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients, ASA I and II scheduled for elective orthopedic lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia, were assigned to 3 groups: group N which received 0.33 mg / kg of nefopam, group M which received 0.33 mg/kg of meperidine and group C which received 10 ml of saline. Each group consisted of 20 patients. All drugs dissolved in 10 ml of isotonic saline and given slowly IV after occurrence of shivering. Patients were assessed for duration, recurrence of shivering, sedation, complication, hemodynamic changes and general satisfaction
UR  - http://172.23.153.220/th.pdf
ER  -