Tamer Fathy Tamer Younes <br/><br/>
Nalbuphine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine induced caudal analgesia in children /  
 دراسة فعالية عقار النالبيوفين كعامل مساعد لعقار الكيروكين في الحقن الذنبي فوق الأم الجافية لعلاج الألم في الأطفال 
Tamer Fathy Tamer Younes ; Supervised Mohammed Farouk Youssef , Reham  Husein Saleh , Heba Mohammed Nassar  
 - Cairo :   Tamer Fathy Tamer Younes ,   2014 
 - 90 Leaves :   charts , facsimiles ;   25cm 
<br/><br/>Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anaesthesia 
<br/><br/> This study was to assess the postoperative analgesic requirements and the analgesic effects of caudal Nalbuphine as an adjunct to levobupivacaine in comparison to caudal levobupivacaine. These patients have a shorter hospital stay, and side effects may not be noticed at home. Caudal block has the importance in decreasing consumption of systemic analgesics.A single-shot caudal injection of levobupivacaine as sole local anesthetic provides effective postoperative analgesia without need for systemic analgesics.The duration of block can be extended by adjuvant drugs, which are given together with a local anesthetic agent; thereby more efficient postoperative analgesia can be obtained. For this purpose, many drugs are being used today as adjuvants e.g. morphine, fentanyl, clonidine, ketamine.                                                        
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<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>CEB  CHEOPS  EDTA