TY  - BOOK
AU  - Tamer Fathy Tamer Younes
AU  - Heba Mohammed Nassar , 
AU  - Mohammed Farouk Youssef , 
AU  - Reham  Husein Saleh , 
TI  - Nalbuphine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine induced caudal analgesia in children / 
PY  - 2014///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Tamer Fathy Tamer Younes , 
KW  - CEB
KW  - CHEOPS
KW  - EDTA
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anaesthesia; Issued also as CD
N2  - This study was to assess the postoperative analgesic requirements and the analgesic effects of caudal Nalbuphine as an adjunct to levobupivacaine in comparison to caudal levobupivacaine. These patients have a shorter hospital stay, and side effects may not be noticed at home. Caudal block has the importance in decreasing consumption of systemic analgesics.A single-shot caudal injection of levobupivacaine as sole local anesthetic provides effective postoperative analgesia without need for systemic analgesics.The duration of block can be extended by adjuvant drugs, which are given together with a local anesthetic agent; thereby more efficient postoperative analgesia can be obtained. For this purpose, many drugs are being used today as adjuvants e.g. morphine, fentanyl, clonidine, ketamine.
UR  - http://172.23.153.220/th.pdf
ER  -