TY - GEN AU - Ghada Ismail Mohamed Kamel AU - Awatif Mohamed Labib , AU - Maher Ahmed Elkeblawy , TI - Influence of smoking on isometric strength of back extensors / PY - 2007/// CY - Cairo : PB - Ghada Ismail Mohamed Kamel , KW - Back Extensors KW - Isometric strength KW - Smoking N1 - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty Of Physical Therapy - Department Of Basic Science; Issused also as CD N2 - Smoking is bad habi ; and well knwn risk factor for many disases , also the back extensors play an essential role in trunk stability , postural alignment , and movement coordination , controlling active range of iumbar spine of this study was to investigate , the effect of smoking and effect of number of cigarettes ER -