TY  - BOOK
AU  - Marwa Gamal Mohammed Ali
AU  - Khaled Fathy Helal , 
AU  - Soheir  Mahmoud Elkosery , 
TI  - Effect of stretching exercises on primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent  girls / 
PY  - 2015///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Marwa Gamal Mohammed Ali , 
KW  -  Plasma cortisol level
KW  -  Primary dysmenorrhea
KW  -  Stretch training
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Physical Therapy - Department of Physical Therapy for Gynecology and  Obstetrics; Issued also as CD
N2  - Dysmenorrhea is the most common complaint and gynecological disorder  worldwide among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the  effect of stretching exercises on dysmenorrheal symptoms. Thirty girls suffered  from primary dysmenorrhea. Their age ranged from 15-20 years old, their BMI  ranged from 18.5 -25 kg/m², they were selected from Nursing School in Zagazig  University and they didn{u2019}t receive any anti-inflammatory or antispasmodic  drugs during the study. Randomly divided into 2 groups: an experimental group A (n = 15) who received physical therapy treatment program included six types  of stretch training on (abdominal, lower back, pelvis and thigh muscles) for 12 weeks, 3 times per week, 2 times per day. A control group (n = 15) who received no treatment program. They were evaluated by using Present Pain  Intensity (PPi) scale, Pain relief (PR) scale and Plasma cortisol level before and  after 1st, 3rd month. Results After12 weeks, pain intensity was reduced from 3  to 1, pain relief was increased from 1 to 3, and Plasma cortisol level was  decreased from 15.71 to 6.76 in the experimental group. : In group A Present  Pain Intensity (PPi), Pain relief (PR) and Plasma cortisol level showed a highly  significant (p < 0.001) improvement in pain. In group B, Present Pain Intensity  (PPi), Pain relief (PR) and Plasma cortisol level showed non  significant(P>0.05) improvement in pain. Conclusions: Stretching exercises on  (abdominal, lower back, pelvis and thigh muscles) were effective in reducing  pain intensity, pain duration, in primary dysmenorrhea
ER  -