Noha Alaa Eldin Amin Elmalky  <br/><br/>
Evaluation of CD68 expression in urinary bladder carcinoma :   Histopathological and  immunohistochemical study /  
 تقييم تعبير عن "سي دي68 "  فى سرطان المثانة البولية :   دراسة هستوباثولوجية و كيميائية هستومناعية 
Noha Alaa Eldin Amin Elmalky ; Supervised Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelaziz , Dina Omar Helmy , Amira Mohamad Bassam 
 - Cairo :   Noha Alaa Eldin Amin Elmalky  ,   2016 
 - 119 P. :   charts , facsimiles ;   25cm 
<br/><br/>Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Clinical Pathology 
<br/><br/> Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to study the  immunohistochemical expression of CD68 in urothelial carcinoma of the  urinary bladder to detect the intensity of tumor associated macrophages. Results: the immunohistochemical CD68 was used to detect tumor  associated macrophages (TAM) in bladder tumor then three areas with  high density of macrophages were selected with low power within or  around tumor nests. Counting of macrophages was performed in these  three areas by using a magnification of 200 (x 20 objective and x 10  ocular pieces) then adding of the count was done. TAMs were observed  in majority of the specimens tested. Higher TAM count was observed in  older age group, majority of females' cases, pure squamous cell  carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation and  glandular differentiation.  Conclusion: Further studies with larger sample size including superficial  urinary bladder cancers are recommended to establish the active role of  our studied marker in larger populations and in order to correlate the use  of this marker with recurrence and survival  
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<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Index Terms: </label>Immunohistochemical CD68  TAM  Urinary bladder carcinoma