TY  - BOOK
AU  - Reham Gamal Hassan Wasfy
AU  - Hanaa Ibrahim Sallam , 
AU  - Rabab Mohamed Ibrahim , 
TI  - Evaluation of vertical marginal gap distance and internal adaptation of (Enamic) hybrid ceramic implant-supported superstructure compared to metal- ceramics : : An in vitro study / 
PY  - 2016///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Reham Gamal Hassan Wasfy , 
KW  - Enamic
KW  - Hybrid ceramic
KW  - Implant superstructure
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Department of Prosthodontics; Issued also as CD
N2  - Materials and Methods: Enamic superstructures group 1 (n=8) were milled after scanning of implant abutment and designing of monolithic superstructures by computer software. In metal ceramic superstructures group 2 (n=16), the metal copings were fabricated by two different techniques; CAD/CAM fabricated CAD resin patterns subgroup C (n=8) and conventionally fabricated wax patterns subgroup W (n=8) with similar dimensions to CAD /CAM resin patterns. All patterns were sprued, invested and cast then porcelain application was carried out following manufacturer{u2019}s instructions. Marginal gap distance was measured by digital microscope and internal adaptation was measure by replica technique. Comparison between metal ceramic subgroups was made first and then results of both subgroups were compared to Enamic group.Results: Data presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Data explored for normality using Kolmogorov{u2013}Smirnov test. Vertical marginal gap distance (æm) and internal adaptation (æm) data showed parametric distribution; Independent t-test used to compare between each pair of tested materials. The significance level was set at P {u2264} 0.05.Regarding vertical marginal gap distance measurements ,no statistically significant difference between the two subgroups (W) and ( C) and both showed higher mean statistically significant difference compared to Enamic group .Regarding internal adaptation measurements , subgroup (W)  and Enamic group showed  lower statistically significant difference when compared to subgroup ( C)  while both Enamic and subgroup (W) showed no statistically significant difference when compared to each other
ER  -