TY  - BOOK
AU  - Mona Mohamed Ahmed Ahmed
AU  - Heba Samy Ibrahim , 
AU  - Maha Mohamed Sabry , 
AU  - Manal Moustafa Mahmoud , 
TI  - Effect of apelin on obesity-  associated type2 diabetes mellitus in male albino rats. possible interaction  between APELIN/APJ system, renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide / 
PY  - 2016///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Mona Mohamed Ahmed Ahmed , 
KW  - Angiotensin system (RAS)
KW  - Apelin, Renin
KW  - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Physiology; Issued also as CD
N2  - Background: Apelin, a recently identified adipokine, and its receptor (APJ) are involved in the regulation of a variety of pathphysiological processes. APJ shares marked sequence homology with angiotensin II  type 1 receptor (ATR1) and both receptors are expressed in many different tissues. Objective: the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of  apelin treatment on obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and  the possible interaction between apelin/APJ system and renin angiotensin  system (RAS) with a particular focus on their relation with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway.  Methods: forty male albino rats were divided in to 2 groups. Control  group (n=8) and diabetic group (n=32). Diabetic group were further subdivided in to four groups; control diabetic group (n=8), apelin treated diabetic group (n=8), apelin+losartan treated diabetic group (n=8), apelin+L-NAME treated diabetic group (n=8). Rats in diabetic group  were fed high fat high sucrose (HF-HS) diet for six weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance (IR) + single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) at the end of fifth week to induce T2DM. Drugs were given from the start and continued for one week after STZ injection. Apelin-13 was given intraperitoneal (0.1omol/kg /day). Losrtan, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, was given orally (30 mg/kg/day).  L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), non specific eNOS inhibitor, was given intraperitoneal (10 mg/kg/day). At the end of the study body mass index (BMI) was calculated and blood  samples were taken to measure serum Glucose, Insulin, Lipid profile  {cholesterol, Triglycerides (TGs), High density lipoprotein (HDL), inflammatory marker: Tumor necrosis factor-Ü (TNFÜ), oxidative stress marker: Malondialdehyde (MDA), endothelial dysfunction marker: Tissue plasminogen activator (T-PA) antigen, and Nitric oxide (NO)  levels. After decapitation, adipose tissue was taken for the determination  of gene expression of (ATR1) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2  (ACE2)
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