Neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes caused by Co-administration of tramadol with other drugs of abuse in experimental animals /
التغيرات السلوكية العصبية و الكيميائية العصبية التى يسببها التناول المتزامن للترامادول مع أدويه الإدمان الأخرى فى حيوانات التجارب
Shimaa Mohamed Azmy Mohamed ; Supervised Eldin Said Eldenshary , Noha Nagah Nassar , Somia Ahmed Nada
- Cairo : Shimaa Mohamed Azmy Mohamed , 2018
- 168 P. : charts , facsimiles ; 25cm
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Nicotine and tramadol concomitant drug dependence pose increasing social, economic as well as public threats. Accordingly, the present study investigated neurochemical, neurobehavioral and neuropathological changes in the brain subsequent to the interaction of nicotine and tramadol. To this end, tramadol (20 mg/kg, i.p) and nicotine (0.25 mg/kg, i.p) were administrated to male albino mice once daily for 30 days. Consequent to microglial activation, nicotine exacerbated oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by tramadol as manifest by the step-up in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitric oxide subsequent to the enhanced levels of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases; paralleled by decreased non-protein sulfhydryls. Increased oxidative stress by tramadol and/or nicotine sequentially augmented nuclear factor kappa B and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor Ü with the induction of apoptosis evident by the increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity