TY  - BOOK
AU  - Nour Mohamed Bakr Elzawahry
AU  - Eman Sanny Zaki , 
AU  - Olfat Shaker , 
AU  - Rehab Mohamed Sobhi , 
TI  - Evaluation of serum level of phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme in alopecia areata patients / 
PY  - 2019///
CY  - Cairo : 
PB  - Nour Mohamed Bakr Elzawahry  , 
KW  - Alopecia Areata
KW  - PDE4
KW  - PDE4 Inhibitors
N1  - Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Dermatology and Venerology; Issued also as CD
N2  - Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a noncicatricial alopecia  affecting any hair-bearing area and is considered to be an organ-specific  autoimmune disease mediated by T lymphocytes directed to hair follicles.The exact etiology of AA remains unclear but genetic and environmental  factors have been shown to trigger the initiation of the disease.Concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of AA; innate and acquired immunity involvement in the pathogenesis, as well as IFNÞ-driven immune response, including IFNÞ, IFNÞ-induced chemokines and cytotoxic CD8 T cells.The hair follicle has a low level of major histocompatibility complex making it an immune-privileged site where CD8+ T lymphocytes target the follicle{u2019}s bulb resulting from a breakdown in immune privilege which leads to induction of the hair follicle to undergo apoptosis that results in inhibition of cell division within the hair matrix and of hair shaft production.Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that break down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and they demonstrate activity in all cells in the body
ER  -