Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine

Background: diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may progressively fall from a normal to a point at which the patient is said to have end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It usually is slowly progressive over years. The status of DN may be monitored by measuring two values: the amount of protein in the urine - proteinuria; and a blood test called the serum creatinine.There are also new biomarkers for detection of proteinuria in diabietic nephropathy as Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated lipocalin (NGAL) NGAL is a new early biomarker for renal injury that precedes proteinuria (NGAL) appears to be one of the most frequently investigated and most promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of kidney injury. Aim of the work: detection of diabetic nephropathy by albumin creatinineratio and detection of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin level in serum in early type 2 diabetic egyptian patients.Patients and methods : This study was conducted on 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with 5 years duration of diabetes and 36 controls(non diabetic). All of them subjected to thorough history taking , clinical examination and the following Laboratory tests: Fasting blood glucose , 2h post prandial blood glucose , HbA1C , lipid profile ,fundus examination , urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and NGAL level in serum.Results :prevelance of diabetic nephropathy was 85% of patients(based on urinary albumin /creatinine ratio ), significant positive correlation of serum NGAL with diabetic nephropathy and significant positive correlation of serum NGAL with Hba1c. Conclusion :incidence of diabetic nephropathy is high in first 5 years of diagnosis of diabetes and Serum NGAL level can detect diabetic nephropathy

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