Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine

The evaluation of renal allo-grafts has progressed little over the past 20 years. Serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remain the basis of renal allo-graft assessment (Jorg R. et al.; 2015) however; renal biopsy is an essential procedure in the diagnosis. And although risks associated with performing a per-cutaneous renal biopsy have substantially decreased in the past two decades because of technical advances in the method, complications still occur. (Carlo M. et al.; 2004) And so, the increasing use and availability of renal transplantation has resulted in a demand for non-invasive methods to study possible complications. (Matthew D. et al.; 1987) Imaging studies played an essential role in diagnosing vascular complications of kidney transplant. (Servente L. et al.; 2009) and have been able to distinguish obstruction and the presence of peri-transplant collections from other causes of failure, such as acute rejection, toxic reactions to cyclosporine, and ATN. (Matthew D. et al.; 1987) It also contributes to their treatment in some cases. (Servente L. et al.; 2009)

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