Thesis (Ph.D.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics

DM still represents an important medical problem during pregnancy, causing perinatal morbidity, mortality, spontaneous abortion, still birth and congenital malformation despite improved outcome reflected by a steep decline in perinatal mortality over the past few decades, controversy still exists regarding the care of the pregnant woman with both pre-existing and GDM. HCM found in infants who are born to diabetic mothers, is mainly related to the poor glycemic control of maternal diabetes and consequently to fetal and neonatal hyperinsulinaemia. Diabetic fetal cardiomyopathy causes symptoms in 5% but often transient, with no apparent lasting consequences for more infants. Some infants of poorly controlled diabetic mothers experience significant complications from impaired cardiac function, such as congestive cardiac failure. A characteristic feature of HCM in infant of diabetic mothers is hypertrophy of the ventricular and septal walls. Cardiac hypertrophy is transient with spontaneously echocardiographic resolution within the first months after birth, irrespective of therapy

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