A pharmaceutical study on smoking cessation drug / Noha Mohamed Sebaa ; Supervised Hanan Ellaithy , Magdy Ibrahim , Aly Abdelbary

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics

Cigarette smoking, has been found to account for hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and chronic diseases annually.It is well established that cigarette smoking can increase the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and several forms of cancer, in particular, lung, oropharynx, esophagus, and larynx cancers.Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that cigarette smoking is also harmful to other parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).In this respect, cigarette smoking increases both the incidence and relapse rate of peptic ulcer diseases and delays ulcer healing. Smoking is also positively associated with cancers of the stomach, liver, and colon. Nicotine (NC), a major component of cigarette, has been proposed to be responsible for many pharmacological effects of cigarette smoke. Each cigarette contains 15 {u2013} 30 mg of NC. It has a bitter-taste and is a mildly alkaline and volatile liquid alkaloid. NC is rapidly absorbed through mucous membranes, skin, alveoli, and the (GIT). The half-life of NC is 30 {u2013} 60 minutes. It is extensively metabolized in liver by cytochome P450 enzymes. Smokers become dependent on NC as it raises the levels of dopamine and norepinephine in the brain and when people stop smoking,NC withdrawal syndrome occurs such as craving for tobacco, irritability, nervousness, concentration difficulty, impatience, insomnia and increased appetite. Recently, increasing interest has been given to the use of NC in different dosage forms (gum,inhalers, buccal film and transdermal patch) as Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation

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